498 ART INDUSTRY AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS. 



Other hand, and especially in Germany, the modern enamel works 

 of the Japanese, such as were brought forward in the Exhibition at 

 Nuremberg, in 1885, have met with the greatest approval among 

 those no less competent to judge. The drawing, grouping, and 

 colouring, and especially the perfect harmony in the many colours 

 of the enamel, are particularly admired.^ 



Supplement. 



Composition and Preparatio?t of Japanese Colonrs. 



The enamel colours which are used by the Japanese are the same 

 as those employed in the painting of clay-wares. With the excep- 

 tion of red oxide of iron, white-lead, verdigris, and blue vitriol, and 

 several fluxes, all these colours are imported from Europe. Beni- 

 gara, ferric oxide, is used to produce red, brown, and dark shades of 

 colour. Murasaki, i.e. violet, is obtained from peroxide of man- 

 ganese ; Kon-j6 or blue, from T6-gosu, cobalt oxide, and from 

 Gosu (an impure cobalt oxide containing manganese, from 

 Asbolan), Kuro-gosu, or Ao-gosu (mixture of cobalt oxide and 

 peroxide of manganese), or Hana-kon-j6 (smalt blue). Roku-sho 

 (D6-sei or verdigris) is used for the green colour, also chloritic 

 oxide of copper and malachite, which bear the same names, and 

 oxide of copper, while chromic oxide was, at least formerly, un- 

 known, and was used as little as other chromic compositions. 

 Those already mentioned, and other copper combinations in pow- 

 der form were called also Awo-ko, green (blue) powder, and Daikon 

 (radish green). Yellow is obtained from T6-shirome or antimony, 

 likewise brown. 



Bowes 2 had the colourless ground material of Japanese cell 

 enamel analyzed by Dupre. The composition was found to be as 

 follows : — 



Therefore, essentially, it would be a lead-glaze, — not an un- 

 common thing in glazes. And from this we see why they use 

 Y6-no-tsuchi (white-lead), called also Haku-fun, white powder ; 

 and Shiratama, or pulverized lead-glaze, in almost all their vitrifi- 



^ See L, Gmelin : " Internationale Ausstellung von Arbeiten aus edlen 

 Metallen und Legierungen in Niirnberg in Jahre 1885." " Zeitschrift des Kunst- 

 gewerb^vereins zu Miinchen," 1885, p. 91. 



- See Bowes : "Japanese Enamels," p. 15. 



