114 Glacial and Loessial Soils. 



Marshall clay. — A heavy black clay loam or clay, 18 to 2-4 inches 

 deep, resting on a grayish-brown clay extending to a dei)th of 

 more than 3 feet. The subsoil when exposed to the air 1 )reaks up 

 into thin flakes resembling shale or slate. Occupies large areas in 

 the valley of the Eed River. Soil is a lacustrine deposit, modified 

 bv the addition of river sediments. The drainage is not naturallv 

 very good, but has been assisted Ijy the construction of road 

 ditches. A very strong soil, well adapted to wheat, oats, barley, 

 flax, and corn. 



12 3 4 



Soil (3) 9 20 41 30 



Subsoil (3) 5 44 51 



Acres. 

 Fargo, N. Dak 76, 800 



SIOUX SERIES. 



The Sioux series comprises "ertain dark-colored, low-lying 

 alluvial soils along the rivers and streams in the glaciated area, 

 characterized by a large amount of organic matter and generally 

 underlain by gravel within 3 feet of the surface. 



Sioux sand. — Soil consists of from 5 to 20 inches of loose, medium 

 to coarse textured, dark-colored sand. The subsoil, which extends 

 to great depths, has about the same texture as the soil, but is of a 

 light-yellowish color. Forms flat valley lands lying only 5 or 10 

 feet above mean water level. Naturally well drained and seldom 

 subject to overflow. In narrow valleys where moisture conditions 

 are favorable the type is cleared and cultivated. Broad areas 

 often suffer from drought, and such are left to the native growth 

 of scrubby pine and oak. Soil is sedimentary, but the material is 

 derived more or less locally from underlying sandstone. Used for 

 corn, of which 40 to 80 bushels per acre are obtained under good 

 moisture conditions and heavy fertilization. Vegetables, straw- 

 berries, and cranberries also do well on limited areas, but the 

 greater part of the type can only be safely used for agriculture 

 with some system of irrigation. 



1 '2 :{ 4 



Soil (2) 3.S r>3 5 4 



Subsoil (2) 42 53 3 3 



Acres. 

 Viroinia, Wis 19,520 



