Dunkirk Series, 117 



Acres. 



Ashtabula, Ohio 2,880 



Westfield, N. Y 4, 840 



Dunkirk gravelly loam. — A sandy loam containing from 40 to 60 

 per cent of very fine gravel, which consists of waterworn fragments 

 of shale. The soil is underlain at about 3 feet by shale fragments 

 or sand. Occurs in bands along foot of low ridges on lake fore- 

 lands and also upon uplands. Has the characteristics of an ancient 

 beach or bar, and was probably derived from deposition by water. 

 Sometimes has larger gravel scattered over the surface. It is a 

 well-drained, early soil, adapted to market-garden and truck crops. 

 It is not well suited for most general farming crops, but is a 

 typical corn soil. Grapes are successfully grown. 



12 3 4 



Soil (4) 45 19 21 11 



Subsoil (4) 52 22 16 8 



Acres. 



Ashtabula, Ohio 6, 528 



Westfield, N. Y 7, 260 



Dunkirk sandy loam. — Sandy loam, 6 to 10 inches deep, underlain 

 by medium or fine sand. Occurs in lake forelands, and is usually 

 marked by hummock}- or undulating topography. In part aeo- 

 lian in origin. Adapted to grapes; is also fair grass land. 



12 3 4 



Soil (4) 8 59 21 11 



Subsoil (4) 7 63 19 10 



Ashtabula, Ohio 14, 720 



Westfield, N. Y 22, 090 



Dunkirk shale loam. — Brown or gray loam, about 7 inches deep, 

 underlain by mottled clay to a depth of 1 to 3 feet. Surface in 

 most places covered with shale fragments from 1 to 4 inches in 

 diameter. Located on escarpment and the steeper slopes. Resid- 

 ual soil derived from shale. Generally covered with timber and 

 underbrush. Less steep positions under vineyards. 



12 3 4 



Soil (1) 4 19 41 32 



Subsoil (1) 6 7 30 50 



Acres. 

 Westfield, X.Y 21,860 



