28 



and cattle owners, principally small farmers who own only one 

 animal. 



1 am convinced from the observations made that there is 

 little hope of completely controlling the disease, much less 

 stamping it out, under any system of quarantine. Quarantine 

 regulations, as has just been stated, are difficult to enforce in 

 any country. In the Philippines, where the land is unfenced 

 and where the animals susceptible to the disease are used 

 principally as work stock and, therefore, cannot be confined 

 to the owner's land without practically destroying the owner's 

 business, and where the people have not yet been educated to 

 appreciate the value of quarantine regulations in preventing 

 the spread of contagious diseases, the difficulties are greatly 

 increased. 



While there seemed to be much prejudice on the part of the 

 live-stock owners against the enforcement of quarantine regula- 

 tions, there seemed to be a willingness on their part to have 

 their animals immunized. In the Province of Pampanga, where 

 Governor Ventura had been active in educating the people along 

 this line, I found xery much favorable interest in immunization. 



If immunization is effective and feasible, and I am assured 

 by the officials of the Bureau of Agriculture that it is both, 

 it would seem to be the way out of the difficulty. 



The Bureau of Agriculture has already immunized during 

 the past year nearly 8,000 animals with a loss of less than 

 1 per cent, and at a cost for salaries of veterinarians, labor, 

 and equipment of about ?1 per animal immunized. The time 

 required to immunize an animal varies from two to three 

 weeks. The immunity conveyed appears to be complete and 

 from observations extending over three or four years and from 

 experience in immunizing against similar diseases there is every 

 reason to believe that immunity produced by this means 

 continues throughout the life of the animal. 



Estimating the carabao to be worth ?100 and the average 

 loss of animals due to the process of immunization to be 1 

 per cent, the animal owners could insure themselves against 

 all losses by paying ?1 each for the animals immunized. This 

 money could be administered by the Government as a fund 

 with which to compensate the owners for the loss of all animals 

 killed. The records of the Bureau of Agriculture show a loss 

 of less than 1 per cent and the value of cattle and carabaos 

 of all grades and ages is perhaps less than ?100 each. There- 

 fore, it appears that there is an ample margin of safety in 

 allowing ?1 per head as an insurance fund. 



