40 



think of a farmer rotating his corn with clover or cowpeas 

 so as to increase the subsequent yield, when the land is needed 

 all the time to j?row corn with which to suppfjrt his family. 

 It is eciually futile to advise the use of fertilizers when the 

 capital to invest in fertilizers is not available. Improvement 

 in the system of farming will come slowly, scarcely more rapidly 

 than the increased food, w^hich the improvement brings, will be 

 required by the natural increase in population and by higher 

 standards of living. 



Moreover, there is a very definite limit to the degree to which 

 a country can be developed by means of agriculture alone. 

 When this limit is approached, as it seems to have been in this 

 case, further progress will come from putting the people to 

 work in other lines of industry. Germany long ago reached 

 the limit of her development under agriculture alone, and de- 

 veloped manufactories as a means of further progress. Japan's 

 recent remarkable development has been through industrial 

 rather than agricultural expansion. Even the United States, 

 until recently the largest food-exporting nation in the world, 

 is beginning to look to other countries for a part of her food 

 and henceforth must rely upon her manufacturing industries 

 to maintain a favorable trade balance. Thus, the Philippine 

 Government would be following the teachings of the best ex- 

 perience of other people by at once setting to work to develop 

 manufactories. 



During my visist to these Islands, I saw ships carrying away 

 hogs, corn, and other food products which were needed as food 

 for the people at home. Every effort should be made to change 

 the exports of these Islands from food products, of which there 

 are scarcely enough for home consumption, to manufactured 

 articles, which will utilize material now going to waste and 

 employ profitably labor that is now idle or unprofitably employed. 

 At first, and perhaps permanently, the manufacturing industries 

 in the Philippines must be household industries. Such industries 

 can be quickly developed by converting the schools of the con- 

 gested centers into intensely practical trade schools. When this 

 is done there wall be money available with which to support the 

 family while legumes are grow^i on the land for green manure, 

 and capital wath which to buy fertilizers and other equipment 

 necessary to farm the land to the best advantage. The combined 

 income of an improved agriculture and a well-organized house- 

 hold industry would set the people well on their way toward a 

 condition of prosperity and commercial independence. 



