242 NA TURE-STUD Y REVIEW 



when the mateiial has been collected by the children and when 

 they have helped to mount and arrange the pictures. Groups 

 of pictures large enough to be seen at a distance have shown 

 the Cud-Chewers : cows, sheep, goats, deer and camels. Post- 

 ers have been made to illustrate graphically the fact that the 

 hippopotamus walks on four fingers of each hand, that the 

 pig has two on which he walks and two smaller ones, and that 

 members of the cattle group have the third and fourth fingers 

 developed for use while the second and fifth are mere vestiges. 

 These exhibits have beea arranged in the Nature Room where 

 the school had ore. In even the most crowded schools where 

 space is at a premium it has been possible to find a central hall 

 or a well -lighted passageway where the pictures have been exhibit- 

 ed. They have helped to make a lasting impression not only 

 of zoological classification but also of our kinship with the animal 

 world. The fourth-grade boy who was excited over the dis- 

 covery that the arms of a cow were "just like my own" is on the 

 road to new intellectual achievements, 



A big truck took 35 children to one of the most famous dairies 

 of the state, m.aking a twelve mile round trip from the school. 

 The children were much impressed to watch 392 cows each taking 

 her place in her own stanchion. They were interested to find 

 that each milker knew his cows by name. The white caps and 

 suits of the milkers, the care in washing the cows, the precaution 

 against dirt in the care of the pails — all contributed to building 

 up in the child a new conception of the relation of cleanliness 

 to health. 



Som.e seventh grade girls started out as unenthusiastic m.em- 

 bers of one school excursion to see a neighborhood cow. They 

 "knew all about cows". When the excursion was over they were 

 the most reluctant to leave. 



A wide awake Nature Study teacher took 80 of her Russian 

 and Mexican children to visit the Hauser Packing plant. Com- 

 pare this excursion with the results obtained by the teachers 

 who taught lessons on burning and fuel without attempting a 

 single experiment in the classroom. Children were told to light 

 a candle at home and place it under an inverted tumbler to see 

 what would happen. The chief hope of the supervisor is to 

 stimulate the teacher to bring live material into the classroom 

 and to increase the frequency of field trips for every child. 



