382 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW 



use the word 'animals' I mean all living creatures except men and 

 women . " In New York, October 18,1911a sea captain was brought 

 into court for piercing the flippers of large green turtles in order to 

 tie them. The magistrate held the captain in $500 bail on the 

 basis that wichin the law the turtle is an animal although without 

 the law it is a reptile. The same kind of a case had failed in 1867. 

 On the 1920 calendar of the Rhode Island Humane Education 

 Society are the following sentences: "The object of the Bands of 

 Mercy is to teach children to be kind to each other and to all who 

 need help and protection, as well as to animals." "The child 

 who respects the rights of animals will also respect the rights of 

 hirnian beings." Amongst the uneducated the fur bearing quad- 

 rupeds only are considered as animals. These various meanings 

 of the word have led to a mixture of ideas in the schools. 



The opinions of college freshmen as to various animals are here- 

 by simimarized: 



The woodchuckisamammal. 1. Woodchuck. — 40% females to 

 10% males think it is not an animal. 34% females to 12% males 

 think that it is a bird. This is probably a confusion with the 

 woodcock which is a bird. This also indicates that girls think 

 that a bird is not an animal. 



2. Man — Man is an animal, belonging to the class mammals. 

 32% of the females to 2% of the males think that man is not an 

 animal. This is further proved by the fact that 12% of the males 

 to 6% of the females correct the statement "Man and animals eat 

 food" to "Man and other animals eat food." 18 out of 281 ex- 

 amined recognized that man is an animal. It is also used in this 

 sense in statute books in reference to the prevention of the cruelty 

 to animals as "man and animals." 



3. Whale — The whale is not a fish. It is a mammal. 36% 

 females to 68% males think that the whale is an animal. 62% 

 females to 38% males think that the whale is a fish. The males in 

 every case tested seem to have a more accurate and broader view 

 as to what is an animal. 



4. The perch is an animal belonging to the class fish. 16% 

 females to 42% males think that the perch is an animal. 78% 

 females to 94% males think that the perch is a fish. 



5. The bat is a mammal and not a bird. 38% females to 62% 

 males think that the bat is an animal. 36% females to 42% 

 males think it is a bird. Every thing that flies is not a bird. 



