PART II. THE POPULATION MOVEMENTS 

 CHAPTER I 



THE DIVERSITY OF MIGRATIONS. 



One of the most evident ways in which the colored and 

 white populations of Georgia have responded to these dif- 

 fering opportunities in different sections of the State has 

 been by migration. The land, or opportunity is localized, 

 immovable, and more or less fixed in quantity. The labor, 

 on the other hand is mobile, and may shift from place to 

 place, increasing or decreasing in quantity with the changes 

 in demand. It is the inter-action of the demands of the 

 land with the supply of agricultural labor which has fur- 

 nished the chief causes of migration. Urban opportunity 

 has exerted some influence, but the Negroes in 1910 were 

 still 80.9 per cent rural. 



Both Negro laborers and white laborers have shifted from 

 certain sections into certain sections, and the movements of 

 the two races have been in the same direction, differing only 

 in the relative numbers of migrants furnished by each race. 

 This, in itself is an indication that the same economic and 

 social forces are at work among the two races, but of 

 course, in differing degrees. The movements have their 

 economic and social effects as well as causes. Social institu- 

 tions are made unstable in the sections losing heavily by 

 migration, and in sections gaining, race problems are more 

 aggravated where white and colored people who are un- 

 accustomed to one another are brought into competition. 

 These effects of migration will be discussed more at length 

 in the last chapter of this study. The present chapter will 

 be devoted to a closer study of the areas which are losing 



