V 



City and Inter-State Migration 145 



Churches. — The superior advantages to the colored people 

 afforded by the institutions of the city and the institu- 

 tions of the North are undoubtedly a great factor both in the 

 movement from country to town and from South to North. 



A s. far as their c hurches are concerned, the Negroes 

 ar e practically left tcTwofk out their own salvation. The 

 bonds hfitwgen the Negro and white Met hod ist and Bap- 

 ttato a re YfTy Ino.s* Denominationalism is so strong in 

 the colored population that there is too rapid an increase 

 of small, poorly-pastored, poorly-housed churches in the 

 country. The ability of the city and town congregation to 

 provide better church facilities is a factor in the urban 

 migration. 



Schools, — A thorough analysis of the school situation 

 directed by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, and published as Bul- 

 letins 38 and 39, U. S. Bureau of Education, 1917, pictures 

 the _great inferi ority of the co lor e^ srhno ^and from this 



ptrtnro nnP ran readily rfl ^Kze why lack- ^of educational 



fac ilities should be urged by Npg™ ^arifjrff qo a reason 



for pOptllatiflin mew/^^ni- 



The report of the Bureau of Education (Vol. I, Chapter 

 II) pointed out that per capita expenditures for teachers' 

 salaries in Southern States for all children are much lower 

 than expenditures in Northern States. In contrast with 

 California, whose annual public expenditures for teachers' 

 salaries is $36.30 per child, and New York, whose expen- 

 diture is $25.40, the range in Southern States is from $12.36 

 in Maryland to $4.16 in North Carolina. The public ex- 

 penditure for colored children is much lower than this 

 per capita for all children. In Southern States the per 

 capita for Negro children ranged from $8.53 in Kentucky 

 to $1.44 in South Carolina. In the Black Belt counties, the 

 per capita for colored children is much lower than in coun- 

 ties having a smaller Negro population. The report gives 

 the following table of counties grouped according to per- 

 centage of Negroes in their total population : 



