City and Inter-State Migration 147 



The average annual salary for 1911-12 and 1912-13, for 

 Negro teachers in public schools, ranged from $310.05 in 

 Kentucky to $110.54 in South Carolina. The report con- 

 tinues : "It is little wonder that 70 per cent of the teachers 

 in the Black Belt States have less than six grades of ele- 

 mentary education." 



Poor housing and poor teaching, coupled with a short 

 school term of only five or six months, renders the ele- 

 mentary instruction of those pupils who do attend schools 

 very inadequate. The public high school facilities in the 

 rural districts are very limited. Only 64 public high schools 

 and 200 schools offering some secondary subjects for 

 Negroes were listed by the report of the Bureau of Edu- 

 cation. Practically all of these were located in cities or 

 small towns. In the State of Georgia, the only full public 

 high school was in Athens. The cities of Atlanta and 

 Macon had no high school for Negroes in their public school 

 system. 



Not only are the special institutions provided for Negroes 

 progressively better in country districts with white majori- 

 ties than in the Black Belt, better in towns than in the 

 country and better in Northern than in Southern cities, but 

 the public works used by both races, such as roads and 

 streets, are also progressively better. 15 



Thus social caus es which seem to play but a small part 

 in influencing the movement from one rural district to 

 anot her are increasingly iml>oftant in c ity migrations. The 

 influence of these socia l causes is also increasing as the 

 Negr o develops an increasingly definite group conscious- 

 ness^ 



15 This list includes all the principle grievances of the Negro 

 except denial of the ballot and poor facilities in public convey- 

 ances. While these grievances cause movement from South 

 to North, they are not included in this list of causes of movement 

 from country to city because within any state conditions of 

 travel and of suffrage are the same for countrymen as for city 

 dwellers. 



