Summary 171 



North. The recent rapid movement has caused extended 

 discussion among the Negroes of their social grievances, 

 and, with the development of a distinct group feeling, these 

 causes may be expected to play an even greater part in 

 future movements. 



This disturbance of population aggravates many of the 

 Negro problems and general community welfare problems. 

 Domestic service opportunities attracting the females in one 

 direction, and agricultural and industrial opportunities at- 

 tracting the males in another, upset the normal ratio between 

 the sexes in communities affected by migration. There re- 

 sults a low marriage rate with its attendant low birth rate 

 and increase in immorality. T he^ rise in the standard of 

 living which f ollows the change from the si mple life of the 

 c ountry to the complex life of the city al so reacts toward 

 IpgQ^ning the size of family, especially in No rth cities. 

 While the Negro escapes from some diseases to which he is 

 subject in the South, he exposes himself to the rigors of 

 the Northern climate, and probably suffers a slightly higher 

 death rate in the North. This low birth rate and high 

 death rate mean that northern Negro populations, under 

 the present conditions, are not self-sustaining and in order 

 to continue they must receive constant replacements from 

 the South. The upset of families and the strain of city 

 life also increase the crime, insanity, and dependency rates. 



Though migration creates conditions unfavorable to vi- 

 tality and morality, the general trend of the movement is 

 towards better institutions. Not only does the Negro obtain 

 better schools and churches by leaving the Black Belt areas, 

 but by moving he also calls the attention of the South to his 

 complaints against the existing institutions and creates an 

 additional interest in improving them. 



Ra ce relations, on the other hand, ar e very often badly 

 strained in communities receiving- a rapid increase by migra- 

 tion. It is H era thnt nre prpji| difg_has been manifested most 

 cruelly^ But even in these communities the Negro finds 



