Constructive Measures 173 



among these three parties to race adjustment was urged by 

 the report of Negro Education in the United States, even be- 

 fore the great migration Northward. Now, since so many 

 Negroes live in the North, their problems are more than ever 

 national rather than sectional. 



Federal Government. — It is but natural and logical, with 

 the passing of strong sectional feeling on the Negro question, 

 that the Federal Government, through its various bureaus 

 should inaugurate programs of research and Federal aid. 



( 1 ) The exhaustive first hand study of Negro Education, 

 made cooperatively by the Bureau of Education and the 

 Phelps-Stokes Fund, was a good beginning in the organiza- 

 tion of nation-wide programs for increasing the efficiency of 

 Negro education. This should be followed up by an appro- 

 priation from Congress to the Bureau of Education for 

 permanent work in Negro education with a staff of spe- 

 cialists capable of research and helpful advice. 



(2) As a result of the interest of the Secretary of L,abor 

 in the Negro migration of 1916-17, and of the survey of the 

 movement made directly under the office of the Assistant 

 Secretary, a Bureau of Negro Economics was established in 

 the Department of L,abor. A staff of colored investigators 

 has been maintained, both in Washington and in the field. 

 These men did excellent work in keeping in touch with the 

 wages, hours, living conditions and special problems of the 

 Negro wage earners and were able to cooperate effectively 

 with the various State Departments of Labor. This work, 

 begun as a war measure, should without a doubt be con- 

 tinued. A special significance attaches to this work be- 

 cause it was begun by a Democratic administration on a 

 non-partisan basis. 



(3) As a counterpart to this work among the Negroes in 

 industry, the Federal Department of Agriculture should 

 have similar research and advisory specialists concerned with 

 the Negro in agriculture. Although all of the farm demon- 

 stration work in the South, and all Southern problems 



