178 Negro Migration 



and for industrial and teacher training work are especially 

 urgent. 



(10) Lynching has been scathingly condemned by organi- 

 zations representing the woman's clubs, the universities, 

 Inter-racial Committees, governor's conventions and the 

 press of the Southern States. Certainly, if the opinion of 

 the better classes is so outspoken in its disapproval of these 

 outrages, the State governments should be empowered to 

 quell the outbreaks of the more unruly elements of the 

 population. Several states have passed laws in regard to 

 lynching recently. Their success will depend upon the 

 courage of State officials. This subject was not mentioned 

 in connection with the federal government because it would 

 seem necessary to change the constitutional powers of fed- 

 eral courts rather radically before they could deal with this 

 menace. 



(11) Many of the complaints of the Negro against un- 

 just arrests and convictions would be met by the abolition 

 of the system of payment of fees to local officials on the 

 basis of the number of arrests they make and the conse- 

 quent cooling of their ardor for filling the local jails. A 

 second evil which is said to contribute to lengthening sen- 

 tences is the convict lease system, or the system of allowing 

 counties to use their own convicts on their roads. Local 

 judicial officers should be able to sentence men only to in- 

 stitutions controlled by the State and operated in accord- 

 ance with the modern methods of penology, and the practice 

 of sentencing to county chain-gangs should be abolished. 



(12) Much of the high crime rate among Negroes is 

 undoubtedly due to neglected or improperly handled juvenile 

 delinquency. University of Georgia graduates in Atlanta 

 and Savannah with colored assistants have inaugurated ex- 

 cellent work with Negro juvenile offenders. As yet, how- 

 ever, there is no State reformatory. Virginia, Maryland 

 and South Carolina are the only States with State Colored 

 Reform Schools worthy of the name. State reformatories 



