APPENDIX. 379 



Sec. 8. The senate and house of representatives, when 

 assembled, shall each choose a speaker and its other ofPcers 

 be jidges of the qu;ilificntions and elections of its members, 

 and sit upon its own adjnurnments: two thirds of each house 

 shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller num- 

 ber may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance 

 of absent members. 



Sec. 9. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- 

 ings, and publish them: the yeas and nays of the members, 

 on any question, shall at the desire of any two of them, be 

 entered on the journals. 



Sec. 10. Any two members of either house shall have lib- 

 erty to dissent from, and protest against, any act or resolution 

 which they may think injurious to the public or any individual, 

 and have the reasons of their dissent entered on the journals. 



Sec. 11. Each house may determine the rules of its pro- 

 ceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and 

 with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member, but not 

 a second time for the same cause; and shall have all other 

 powers necessary for a branch of the legislature of a free and 

 in'lepen:lent state. 



Sec. 12. When vacancies happisn in either house, the 

 Governor, or the person exercisingr the power of the Governor, 

 shall isssue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 



Sec. 13. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases 

 ■except treason, felony or breach of the pence, be privileged 

 from arrest during the session of the gonerril assembly, and in 

 going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or 

 debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any 

 other place. 



Sec. 14. Each house may punish by imprisonment, d'l- 

 rlng their session, any person not a member who shall be guil- 

 ty of disrespect to the house, by any disorderly or contemptu- 

 ous behavior in their presence; pro 'ded such imprisonment 

 shall not, at any one time, exceed twentv-four hour-. 



Sec. 15. The doors of e k h house, and of committees of 

 rte whole, shall be kept open, except in such cases as the 



