112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



surgical operations. The camera plays a very important part 

 in the research work of practically all the laboratories and 

 clinics. 



In Budapest, the experimental farm for the study of the 

 infectious diseases of animals, under the direction of Professor 

 Hutyra, is most complete, and there is a fine studio for recording 

 the various pathological changes in the organs by means of 

 photographing the specimens with Lumiere color plates. 



Here also was seen an ideal animal hospital. Separate 

 wards were arranged for surgical and medical cases. Wards 

 for contagious skin affections with separate diet kitchen and 

 baths; examination rooms, operating room, sterilizing rooms, 

 and an isolated building for the treatment of contagious dis- 

 eases such as distemper. I found here that in the research 

 laboratory they had found tuberculosis in snakes. The first 

 time it was recorded here was three years ago. It may be of 

 interest to know that tuberculosis in snakes was noted by Dr. 

 Harlow Brooks in the Seventh Annual Report of the New York 

 Zoological Society, published in 1902. 



The Veterinary Institute Laboratories at Leipsic are under 

 the direction of the famous tuberculosis expert, Professor A. 

 Eber. Professor Eber's work for a number of years has been 

 on the relationship of the types of tubercle bacilli, and he has 

 repeatedly shown that it is possible to so alter the human type 

 of tubercle bacillus by systematic passage through animals that, 

 with the means at present at our disposal, they cannot be dis- 

 tinguished from bacilli of the bovine type. His researches fur- 

 nish abundant evidence that the two types of tubercle bacillus, 

 the human and the bovine, are not types of sub-species with 

 constant characters, but rather varieties of one and the same 

 bacillus, with relatively variable characters. He recognizes that 

 the bacilli cultivated directly from the human or bovine sources 

 possess certain biological characteristics which permit of a 

 distinction in the majority of cases between the human and bo- 

 vine types. 



In his experimental work in carrying the human type tu- 

 bercle bacillus through guinea-pigs, calves and cattle, Professor 

 Eber succeeded repeatedly in changing the morphological char- 

 acters of the human bacillus to that of the bovine type. The 

 series of pathological lesions seen in this laboratory were of 

 much interest to me in connection with my study of tuberculosis 

 in primates. 



