ANCIENT MAMMALS OF BRITAIN. 303 



skull of which may always be recognised by the sudden 

 . of the forehead above the eyes, while the crowns of the 

 )lar teeth display a more finely puckered structure than is to 



seen in those of the existing species. This gigantic Bear 

 .s one of the inhabitants of the celebrated Kirkdale Cave in 

 )rkshire, of which Spotted Hyaenas were, however, by far the 

 DSt numerous carnivorous denizens. Much rarer than those 



either Bears and Hyaenas, are the remains of the Glutton 

 -julo luscus), which have been obtained only among the de- 

 )sits now under consideration, from the caves of Banwell, 

 leadon, Cresswell Crags, the Vale of Clwyd, and Yealm 

 ridge. The Glutton is now unknown further south than 

 :andinavia, and in drawing any conclusions as to climate 

 om its occurrence in Britain, we must always bear in mind 

 ,e comparative scarcity of the remains both of this species, 

 le Arctic Fox, and the Musk-Ox. It is true that the rarity of 

 lese forms is discounted by the abundance of the remains of 

 le Reindeer ; but the latter are somewhat local in their dis- 

 ibution, being unknown to the east of London, and if the 

 ssertion that this animal still lingered in Caithness till a few 

 enturies ago be true, no great change of climate would be 

 ecessary in order to admit of its existence in England. The 

 ther Carnivores of the Cavern Period are not of much import- 

 nce, including species like the Pine-Marten, Stoat, Weasel, 

 >olecat, and Otter, which still exist among us ; although it has 

 ,een thought that some bones from the Ightham fissure indi- 

 :ate an extinct type intermediate between the Polecat and the 



\Iarten. . ^ , u 



Turning to the Hoofed Order, we find remains of the Horse 

 .'ommon in all the Pleistocene deposits pertaining to the Cavern 

 2poch and from the rude yet characteristic portraits of the 

 mimal engraved by our pre-historic ancestors it would appear 

 hat the Horse of this period was very similar to the Wild or 



