SOCIETY. 15 



census of 1870 was correct. It is certain, however, that much 

 of the census work was done inefficiently, and there is good 

 reason to believe that the true population of California in 1870 

 was not less than 590,000, and on that basis the present popu- 

 lation would be about 680,000. 



19. Nationalities. The census of 1870 contains many 

 details which may be regarded as approximately correct ; and 

 we must accept it because nothing of the same kind is to be 

 found in any other authority. Our attention is first attracted 

 to the matter of nativities, and here we find that 350,416 of 

 the Californians in 1870, were natives of the present terri- 

 tory of the United States; and 209,831 were foreign-born. 

 Among the foreigners, we find the following numbers, viz : 

 54,421 Irish, 48,826 Chinese, 30,777 Germans and Austrians, 

 22,644 English, 12,195 British Colonists, 9,380 Spaniards and 

 Spanish-Americans, 8,063 French, 4,660 Italians, 2,944 Scan- 

 dinavians, 2,495 Portuguese, and 1,344 Russians and Poles. 



Among the Austrians are several thousand Dalmatians from 

 the shores of the Adriatic ; and they are the majority of our 

 citizens of Slavonic blood. Counting the Germans, British, 

 British-Americans, and Scandinavians together, we have 

 68,560 foreigners of Teutonic blood, 54,421 Celts (assuming 

 that the Irish are all of Celtic blood), and 25,048 Latins, 

 including under that, head all the Spaniards, Spanish- Ameri- 

 cans, French, Italians, and Portuguese. 



Of the 350,416 natives in California, 169,904 were born in 

 the State, leaving 180,512 natives of other parts of the Union ; 

 and of these, 47,792 were born in the Southern or ex-slave 

 States, and 132,720 in the Territories and Northern States. 

 New Yrok contributed 33,766, Missouri 16,050, Massachusetts 

 15,334, Ohio 12,735, Maine 11, 2 61, Pennsylvania 11,208, and 

 Illinois 10,689. 



20. Occupations and Sexes. The number of people 

 reported as being engaged in occupations in 1870, was 238,648, 

 including 224,868 men, and 13,780 women. Of the total, 



