SOCIETY. 29 



largest number of students and professors. Many of the non- 

 Catholic parents send their sons and daughters to Catholic 

 schools. 



31. Literature. California has made a beginning in the 

 establishment of a local literature, but her writers were nearly 

 all born elsewhere, though they first resorted to authorship 

 here, and were impelled to it by our intellectual atmosphere. 

 The only native of the State who has ventured into print is a 

 lady of Spanish blood, and she did not make a success. The 

 Californian books include law, history, geography, religion, 

 biography, science, romance, poetry, and humor. H. W. Hal- 

 leek's International Law, Gregory Yale's Water ^Rights, Frank- 

 lin Tuthill's History of California, John W. Dwinelle's Colo- 

 nial History of San Francisco, Frank Soule's Annals of San 

 Francisco, T. F. -Cronise's Natural Wealth of California, T. 

 H. Hittell's Adventures of James Adams, A. S. Evans' Our 

 Sister 'Republic, John F. Swift's Trip to Jericho, John F. 

 Derby's Phcenixiana, M,rk Twain's Innocents Abroad, and 

 Bret Harte's Condensed Novels, deserve special mention. 

 Derby, Mark Twain, and Bret Harte are accounted deservedly 

 as among the leading humorists of the age, and Swift, in his 

 Jericho, has shown much humorous power. Ina Coolbrith, C. 

 W. Stoddard, Emily Lawson, Edward Pollock, Joaquin Mil- 

 ler, and many others, have made valuable contributions to the 

 poetry of the Pacific. 



32. Art. Our artists, like our authors, have all come 

 from abroad, and yet they feel as if they belonged here as 

 much as if born here. Some of them came hither without 

 skill or reputation and rose to eminence among us ; others, who 

 had gained reputation in the East, came and made their home 

 by preference in California, on account of the attractions of 

 its climate and scenery. Landscape has been the branch of 

 most of our artists, and has been carried to a high degree of 

 excellence. Thomas Hill is a master in general effect, relief, ef- 

 fective arrangement of light and shade, and fine harmonies of 



