62 RESOURCES OP CALIFORNIA. 



large area of surrounding country. Telegraph Hill is 300 

 feet high, Russian Hill 360, and Lone Mountain 400 feet. 



Looking out Market Street we see, two miles from Mont- 

 gomery Street, two peaks which rise to a thousand feet, and 

 command a view of 40 miles distant north, south, and east, 

 and 20 miles west. Eight miles south of the city is Mount 

 San Bruno, 1,500 feet high; 20 miles north is Tarnalpais, 

 2,600 feet high ; and 35 miles eastward is Mount Diablo, 3,856 

 feet high. 



The population of San Francisco was 149,473 in 1870, ac- 

 cording to the Federal Census. 



H. G. Langley, who has taken much care to compile an 

 annual directory for the last fifteen years, and has devoted 

 special attention to the number of inhabitants, asserts that 

 it was 188,000 on the 1st of March, 1873. He says : 



The following 1 estimate of the population of this city has been pre- 

 pared from careful investigation made during the progress of the can- 

 vass for the present volume, and other reliable data ; and in directing 

 attention thereto, the compiler believes that the aggregate presented is 

 a fair approximation to the actual number : 



White Males over twenty-one 60, 197 



" Females over eighteen (estimated) 37, 100 



" Males under twenty-one (estimated) 38,641 



" Females under eighteen (estimated) 33>435 



" Males, namss refused, and foreigners not taken in the 



canvass (estimated) 1, 800 



Chinese, Male and Female 11,000 



Colored, Male and Female i ,550 



Total permanent population 183,723 



To which should be added a large element of our population 

 known as " floating," which consists of: 1st. Transient board- 

 ers, etc., at hotels, boarding-houses, etc. 2d. Soldiers at the 

 fortifications in the harbor. 3d. Persons engaged in navigat- 

 ing the bay, who claim the city as their residence. 4th. In- 

 mates of Alms House, hospitals, and other charitable institu- 

 tions, County Jail, etc. 5th. A large number of persons who 

 have no permanent place of abode : together amounting to 

 about 4,600 



Total population, March I, 1873 188,323 



