190 RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 



hewn, and split : the last two kinds being very small in im- 

 portance as compared with the first. There are 328 saw-mills 

 (205 driven by steam, and 123 by water) in the State, and 

 they saw 260,000,000 feet (board measure) annually. Men- 

 docino saws 70,000,000, Humboldt 40,000,000, Nevada, 35,. 

 000,000, Placer 17,000,000, Santa Cruz 14,000,000, and Sono- 

 ma and El Dorado each 9,000,000. The coast mills are occu- 

 pied almost entirely with redwood, and the mountain mills 

 with pine and fir. The mills in Nevada send large quantities 

 of lumber of the State of Nevada and Utah. 



The logs cost from $4 to $7 per thousand feet, delivered at 

 the mill; the sawing costs from $3.50 to $4.50, and the 

 freight to San Francisco is not less than $4.50 from Humboldt 

 Bay, or $3 from Mendocino and Sonoma ports, and sometimes 

 25 or 50 per cent. more. In redwood, from 15 to 35 per cent. 

 is clear, from 40 to 75 per cent, rough, and from 10 to 25 per 

 cent, refuse or broken. In fir, from 1 to 25 per cent, is clear, 

 from 65 to 85 is rough, and from 5 to 10 per cent, is refuse. 

 The refuse clear redwood sells for $10 less than the good clear, 

 anci the refuse rough $4 less than the other. There is, be- 

 sides, a commission on sales, varying from two and a half to 

 five per cent. The average cost to the producer of the lum- 

 ber, delivered in San Francisco, is not less than $16. 



139. Cod Fishery. The fisheries of our Coast are, ac- 

 cording to respectable authorities, superior to those of the 

 North Atlantic in the abundance, variety, and quality of the 

 fish ; but if there were no superiority in any point, we should 

 still have cause to regret that the natural wealth of our rivers 

 and banks is neglected. We import largely of cod, mackerel, 

 herring, sardines, and anchovies, which abound on our shores ; 

 and perhaps sardelles, which we obtain from Germany, might 

 also be found here. The mackerel off the coast of Santa Bar- 

 bara is small ; but a fish very similar to the Atlantic mackerel, 

 and equal in size and flavor, was found near Kodiak by the 

 U. S. Coast Survey last summer. The cod banks of Alaska 



