260 RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 



fall apples ; the Golden Russet, the Northern Spy, the Yellow 

 Newtown Pippin, the White Winter Pearmain, and the Spitz- 

 enberg, for winter apples. The best cider apple is the Smith's 

 Cider. In the Sacramento Valley the Newtown Pippin, 

 Swaar, and Rawles Jeannette, are considered the best winter 

 apples; on the slopes of the Sierra Nevada, from 1,000 to 

 3,000 feet above the sea, the Spitzenberg and Wine Sap are 

 preferred. 



Of the apple-trees in the State, there are 1,100,000 in Santa 

 Clara, 260,000 in Sonoma, 90,000 each in Sacramento, El 

 Dorado, and Alameda, 55,000 each in Placer and Napa, and 

 ^x/50,000 each in Santa Cruz, San Joaquin, and Humboldt. 

 Most of the orchards are not profitable, and no large ones 

 have been set out of late years. 



185. JPeackes. The peach-tree grows very rapidly, comes 

 into bearing very early, and produces abundantly, in Califor- 

 nia ; but suffers with " the curl." The varieties most free 

 from that disease are the Late and Early Crawford, the Late 

 Admirable, and the Smock. In the valleys and near the ocean, 

 the peaches are inferior in size and flavor to the same varieties 

 on the Atlantic slope; but in the Sierra Nevada they are fully 

 equal to the Eastern fruit. The peach does not thrive in the 

 high winds about San Francisco Bay. The trees are usually 

 set out in orchard when one year old from the graft or bud ; 

 in the second year after that, they begin to bear. 



186. Pears. The pear is the most productive and healthy 

 of the fruit-trees of California. It thrives in all parts of the 

 State, and everywhere its fruit is delicate in flavor and large in 

 size. There are pear-trees at San Jose which produce twenty- 

 five hundred pounds, or forty bushels each, of fruit annually. 

 The pear was more cultivated by the Spanish Californians 

 than any other fruit ; but their varieties were not good, and 

 most of the old trees have been grafted with varieties brought 

 from the Atlantic States during the last eight years. The 

 varieties most prized are the Madeline, Bloodgood, Diane 



