TOPOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 429 



San Lorenzo (Lawrence), San Leandro (Leander), San Pascual, 

 San Ramon, San Felipe (Philip), San Cayetano (Cayetan), 

 Santa Marta (Martha), Santa Maria, Santa Paula (Pauline), 

 Santa Rosa, Santa Isabel, Santa Margarita, Santa Catalina, 

 Santa Susana, Santa Lucia, and Santa Gertrudis. Other Span- 

 ish sacred names, not derived from saints, are Trinidad 

 (Trinity), Sacramento (Sacrament), Jesus Maria (Jesus the 

 Son of Mary), and Nuestra Sefiora La Reina de los Angeles 

 (Our Lady the Queen of the Angels). 



358. Profane Spanish Names. Among the Spanish pro- 

 fane names are Agua Fria (cold water), Agua Caliente (hot 

 water, or warm spring), Vallecito (little valley), Esperanza 

 (hope), Campo Seco (dry field), Garrote, Hornitos (little oven), 

 Salinas (salt places), Alameda (an avenue of elms or cotton- 

 wood trees), Saucelito (a little clump of willows, more properly 

 spelled Sauzalito),Laguna Seca (dry lagoon), Cienega (puddle), 

 Merced (mercy), Buena Vista (good view), Contra Costa (the 

 opposite coast, the shore opposite the bay of San Francisco), 

 Del Norte (of the north), Plumas (feathers), Tulare (a place of 

 tules), El Dorado (the golden land), Fresno (ash), Nevada 

 (snowy), Sierra (mountain chain), Placer (gold diggings), 

 Calaveras (skulls), Mariposa (butterfly), Alcatraz (pelican), 

 Farallones (points of rock in the sea), Corte Madera (place 

 where wood is cut), Monte (the mountain or forest), Loma 

 Prieta (black hill), Monte Diablo (the devil's mountain), 

 Montecito (little mountain or little forest), Alamo (elm or cot- 

 tonwood tree), Alamo Mocho (the cropped cotton wood), Pajaro 

 (bird), Coyote, and Tejon (a badger). Some of these names 

 have been changed by the Americans. The Spaniards say, 

 el Rio de las Mariposas (the river of the butterflies), el Rio de 

 las Calaveras, el Rio de los Pajaros, la Isla de las Alca traces, 

 la Bahia de San Francisco (the bay of San Francisco), La 

 Mision de San Gabriel (the Mission of San Gabriel), el Rio de 

 las Salinas. The Americans drop the common Spanish nouns 

 of rio, bahia, and mision, and say Calaveras River, Salinas 



