ADULTERATION OF OTTO. 167 



was estimated at 30,000 ounces ; while in 1856 it did not much 1859. 

 exceed 13,000 ounces. 



The Otto of Eose is transported from the producing districts 

 in large, flat, tin bottles, covered with thick, white felt, and 

 bearing a calico label inscribed with Turkish character. By the 

 dealers at Constantinople it is transferred to cut and gilt glass 

 bottles imported from Germany, and in these it usually finds its 

 way to the markets of Europe. Sometimes, however, the large 

 tin bottles are imported into London, it being supposed (and otto in tin 

 with some reason) that the Otto they contain has escaped being bottl es. 

 tampered with at Constantinople. 



According to the official returns prepared for the Board of Trade 

 the quantities of Otto of Eose imported into the United Kingdom 

 upon which duty was paid, were, during four years, as under: 



1854 ... 1251 Ibs., equal to 20,016 ounces. 



1855 . . . 1012 16,192 



1856 . . . 1522 24,352 



1857 . . . 1591 25,456 



The duty is one shilling per pound. 



ADULTERATION OF OTTO OF EOSE. 



Although in Turkey the adulteration of Otto of Eose is Adulteration 

 sometimes practised by the producers, and especially of late g e ^ h e { 

 years, since the repeal of a law in 1840 or 1841, prohibiting 

 such adulteration under pain of death, 1 it is chiefly at Constan- 

 tinople that this fraudulent practice takes place. 



Among the substances which have been used for the adultera- 

 tion of Otto of Eose, I may mention two as specially deserving 

 attention. The first is spermaceti, which, in Turkey, is, I am 

 assured, frequently mixed with the cheaper qualities of Otto ; 

 the second, which is far more systematically and extensively 

 employed, as well as more difficult of detection, is an essential 

 oil, called in Turkish, Idris Yaghi. 2 It is not unfrequently 



1 I give this upon the authority of Mr. Edward Schnell, of Adrianople, to 

 whom, through my friend Mr. Maltass, I am indebted for other particulars 

 respecting the production of Otto of Rose in the Balkan. 



- I have taken some pains to discover the signification of this name, but 

 without much success. My friend Mr. Kedhouse, thinks it is 



