BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INQUIRIES. 173 



samples Nos. 8, 9, and 10 as equally genuine with No. 7 (Messrs. 1859. 

 Herman's), fuses at from 65 to 62, and affords from 7'3 to 6'4 

 per cent, of stearoptene. 1 Sample No. 11 may be regarded with 

 some suspicion from its resemblance to No. 12 the latter being 

 acknowledged of inferior quality. 



Whether the differences that exist in the characters of the 

 various kinds of Otto are the result of climate or of the method of 

 manufacture, or whether (especially in the case of the Turkish 

 Otto) they are to be traced to a difference in the species of 

 rose are questions for determining which I have at present no 

 sufficient data. [N. Eepert. f. Pharm. viii. 365.] 



BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INQUIRIES 

 AND DESIDERATA. 2 



(Botanisch-pharmacognostisclie Aufgaben.) 



BY SIR WILLIAM J. HOOKER, assisted by DANIEL HANBURY. 



AFRICA WEST COAST, ALSO EAST COAST, INCLUDING THE RED 

 SEA AND ARABIA. 



COPAL. Information is much desired respecting the varieties 1859. 

 of this substance which are found in commerce, and which are ex- 

 ported from the West Coast of Afria. Some copal is believed 

 to be dug from the ground, but one variety at least is collected 

 from the tree. This is the Sierra Leone copal, and is produced by 

 Guibourtia copallifera, Bennett Kobo of the natives : specimens 

 of this tree, including the ripe pods, are requested : it grows at 

 Goderich and in other localities near Sierra Leone. 



GRAINS OF PARADISE. Although Amomum Melegueta, Roscoe, 

 the plant which yields this drug, is now well known, there are 

 some other interesting species nearly allied, with which botanists 



1 The test used in Turkey by the persons who purchase Otto from the pro- 

 ducers, is to plunge a small vial of it into water at 10 Reaumur (= 55 F.). 

 If, in the space of five minutes the Otto congeals, it is regarded as genuine. 



2 Extracted from the Admiralty Manual of Scientific Inquiry. Third 

 edition, 1859. 



