180 BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INQUIRIES. 



1859. MALAMBO BARK, a highly aromatic bark, produced in New 



Granada. Of its origin nothing certain is known. 



BALSAM OF COPAIVA is imported from several parts of Brazil ; 

 it varies somewhat in properties, and is the produce of several 

 species of the genus Copaifera. It is desirable to obtain the 

 balsam of each species, with a specimen in flower and leaf, and, 

 if possible, in fruit, of the tree affording it, and the name of the 

 district where the tree grows, and its native appellation there. 



LIGNALOE. The name of a remarkably aromatic wood sent to 

 the Paris Exhibition of 1855, from the department of Vera 

 Cruz in Mexico. By what tree is it afforded ? 



LTGNUM NEPHRITICUM. This rare wood was sent -to the Paris 

 Exhibition of 1855 from Mexico. To what tree is it to be 

 referred ? 



CINCHONA BARK, or PERUVIAN BARK. This valuable drug, the 

 only source of quinine, is derived from various species of 

 Cinchona growing along the whole chain of the Andes, from 

 New Granada to Bolivia. Of these trees it may be said that 

 good, pressed, botanical specimens of any species are interesting 

 and desirable. Such specimens ought to include the flowers 

 and fruits, and in every case to be accompanied by several 

 pieces of the bark, young and old, stripped from the very tree 

 from which the botanical specimens were gathered : all being 

 most carefully and clearly labelled upon the spot with every 

 particular worthy of note. 



A point of considerable interest, still to be determined, is the 

 proportion of alkaloids contained in the young and old bark. 

 For this determination two or three pounds of each sort of 

 bark are requisite ; and for a perfectly fair experiment they 

 ought to be collected from the same individual tree. 



The attention of Englishmen residing in the countries indi- 

 cated is especially requested to this by no means unimportant 

 question. 



BALSAM OF PERU. The drug known under this designation 

 is produced, not in Peru, but in Central America, in a district 



