NOTES ON CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA. 233 



istered in infusion or decoction they open the bowels in a very 1860-62. 

 gentle and easy manner. 1 In China, Europeans, I am informed, Chinese 

 occasionally have recourse to myrobalans as an aperient at Bruits. 

 the instance, I suppose, of native practitioners. The dose is 

 from 2 to 4 drachms in infusion. 



SJ -*T j Tsang-urh-tsze ; Fruits of Xanthium strumarium, 

 L. (Composite) Bentham, Flor. Hongkong, p. 181 ; Pun-tsaou, 

 Fig. 252; Qam'lh ph, Cleyer, Med. Simp., No. 114; Kaempf. 

 Amcen., p. 892. 



Xanthium strumarium, an almost ubiquitous weed in tem- 

 perate and warm climates, is found both in China and Japan. 

 Its leaves, under the name of fferba Lappce minoris, were HerbaLappc? 

 formerly official in Europe, and were administered internally mmom - 

 in scrofula, herpes, &c., and externally as an application to 

 scrofulous tumours. 2 



4*6 >Sc "3P Shay-chwang-tsze ; Fruits of Cnidium Monnieri ; 

 Cusson (Umbelliferce). XI chodm $u, Cleyer, Med. Simp., No. 37 ; 

 Pun-tsaou, Fig. 157. 



Minute ovoid umbelliferous fruits ; mericarps, with very 

 prominent equal ribs, one vitta between each ; commissure bi- 

 vittate. 



Cnidium Monnieri- has been found by the Russian botanists Cnidium 

 in inundated spots on some of the islands of the Amoor, where, Mmnierl - 

 however, it does not appear to be a common plant. It also 

 occurs in the neighbourhood of Pekin. 3 



i_ x - j. 



TO Jf Fe-shXh ; Seeds of Torreya nucifera, S. et Z. (Tax- 

 inece } ; Taxus nucifera, L. ; Podocarpus nucifer, Loud. Fey-tsy, 

 Tatarinov, Gatal. Med. Sin., p. 23; Fi vulgb Kaj'a, Ksempf. 

 Amcen, p. 814, Fig. p. 815 ; Pun-tsaou, Fig. 672. 



From 1 to 1J inch long, ovoid or oblong, cylindrical, pointed 

 at the upper extremity, less so at the lower. The testa is of a 



1 History o/ the Mat. Med. Lond., 1751. 4to, p. 503. Myrobalans 

 were included in the Materia Medico, of the London Pharmacopeia down 

 to the year 1721. 



2 Murray, App. Medicam., vol. i. (1793), p. 212 ; Geiger, Pharm. Universe 

 (1835), L, p. 128. 



3 Maximowicz, Primitice Flora Amurensis (1859), pp. 126,472. 



