MEDLEVAL SPICES, GROCERIES AND WAX. 



481 



something of the kind when, in speaking of the fraudulent doing 1873. 

 of the apothecaries, he says : " Apotecarii, causa lucri, con- 

 cumulant confectiones et electuaria, radices cum erbis, zedoarium 

 cum zinzibero, piper cum cimino, gariofilos cum cinamomo, 

 anisum cum maratro, ceram cum cereis ecclesiasticis., zucuram 

 cum licuricia." 



2. Ammigdalce (amygdalae). Almonds. 



[Philippe le Bel, date Paris, 1st Feb., 1304, forbade the Almonds, 

 exportation of various articles of merchandise without per- 

 mission of his Government under pain of confiscation. But 

 he makes an exception in favour of edible spices and aromatics, 

 the exportation of which is permitted to friendly states. "Not 

 to be exported were wine, honey, pepper, ginger, cinnamon, 

 sugar, galangal, Almonds, animals' hides, and metals. 



In the Liber Albus, probable date of list about A.D. 1266, 

 almonds are included as liable to Scavage. 



Almonds might be substituted for Pignons (nuclei pinei), in 

 preparing the Pignolat.] 



3. Ris, in mediaeval Latin, risi, rice. 



4. Sucare, sugar. This commodity at the period under notice 

 used to be imported by way of Italy, from Egypt, Cyprus, and 

 Sicily. 



5. Zinsiber (zingiber vel zinziber), ginger, is mentioned in Ginger, 

 the account as of three kinds, namely, electum, commune, and 

 Columbe. The last, which seems to have been of the lowest 

 quality, derived its name Colombinum, from Kulam or Quilon, 



a port in Travancore, whence it used to be shipped. 



6. Canele. By this term we must understand Cassia lark, 

 either of Malabar, or China, rather than cinnamon, which was 

 only beginning to be exported from Ceylon, and was probably 

 much more rare and costly. 



7. Galonge, galangal. The value received for 21b. of this spice Galangal. 

 is exactly the price of an ox, as reckoned in the account, which 



states that fifteen oxen were consumed at the bishop's funeral feast. 



8. Nigrum Piper, black pepper. 



9. Granum Paradisi, grain of paradise, often termed simply 

 grains. The produce of Tropical Western Africa, whence it 



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