1516 



ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



The total quantity of orchard fruits 

 produced in 1909 was 4,423,000 bushels, 

 valued at $3,340,000. Apples were the 

 most important of the orchard fruits pro- 

 duced ami plums and prunes ranked next. 

 The production of grapes in 1909 

 amounted to 3,206,874 pounds, valued at 

 $98,776, and of nuts to 177,632 pounds, 

 valued at $13,208. 



The production of all orchard fruits 

 together in 1909 was 190.6 per cent great- 

 er than in 1899, while that of grapes de- 

 clined. The value of orchard fruits in- 

 creased from .?906,000 in 1899 to $3,340,- 

 000 in 1909, while that of grapes declined 



from $162,543 in 1899 to $98,776 in 1909. 

 It should be noted that the values for 

 1899 include the value of more advanced 

 products derived from orchard fruits or 

 grapes, sucli as cider, vinegar, dried 

 fruits and the like, and may therefore 

 include some duplication, while the 

 values shown for 1909 relate only to the 

 products in their original condition. 



The following table shows the quanti- 

 ties of the more advanced products manu- 

 factured by farmers from orchard fruits 

 ,nnd grajies. Values were not called for 

 on the schedule. 



FKO.ST IX TITE nOGFE RIVER VALLEY 



When Frost May Be Expeeted iuul Where 



Frost Is Likely to Occur 



In the spring it is found that during 

 the day, that is, between sunrise and 

 sunset, the wind blows mostly from 

 northerly quarters. These winds are not 

 moisture-laden as a rule, the relative 

 humidity often being as low as 25 per 

 cent at a temperature of 70 degrees 

 Fahrenheit. During the night when 

 frosts are likely to occur the winds die 

 down altogether or change to a southerly 

 quarter. The winds from the south are 

 very dry and the relative humidity is 

 often much lower during the period in 

 which the winds come from the south. 

 If the winds continue to blow from the 

 northwest or westerly quarters frosts 

 rarely occur, because these winds tend 

 to raise the dew point, or, in other words, 

 bring in air with a larger percentage of 

 water vapor present. While the water 

 vapor content of the atmosphere is high, 

 damaging frosts cannot occur. It is only 

 when the dew point temperature ap- 

 proaches the freezing point or is below 

 it that we may expect a serious freeze. 



As a rule it is only on the valley floor 

 that serious injury may be caused by 

 low temperatures during the blooming 

 period or some time thereafter. Even on 

 the valley floor where there may be some 

 slight elevation no frosts occur, while 

 serious injury may result only a few feet 

 below. The hillsides surrounding the 

 valley usually escape frosts altogether, 

 and the average variation In temperature 

 in favor of the lands lying above the 

 valley floor is from flve to six degrees; 

 therefore, even though a heavy frost may 

 occur on the valley floor, the tempera- 

 ture may not go to freezing on the up- 

 lands. During the past season some rec- 

 ords were made by observing tempera- 

 tures on and near the ground, as well 

 as on the roof of the Garnett-Corey build- 

 ing, which is 50 feet above the street 

 level. While temperatures ranged as low 

 as 23 to 25 degrees on the ground and 

 four feet above it, the temperature on 

 the roof was 32 to 35 degrees. There is 

 at times, therefore, a difference of 12 de- 

 grees or more between the temperature 

 on the ground and at a height of 50 feet 

 above when taken on the valley floor. 



