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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Table 111. Florida Oranjjre Sliippinir Experiments, Season (»f l!)T0-19n. 

 Averasre Per t'ent Decay in Eigrlitcen Experiments in Seventeen I'aeking: Houses. 



On At End ot At ICnd of At Rnd of 



Arrival. 1st Week 2d Week. 3d Week. 



Careful pick and pack 0.7 1.4 1.7 2.0 



Commercial pick, careful pack 2.9 5.3 7.0 7.9 



Commercial pick and pack 6.7 12.1 15.3 10.0 



In Table ill the results from tlie sliip- 

 ping experiments witli Florida oranges 

 during the season of 1910-11 are shown. 



The fruit used in tliese experiments 

 was obtained from 17 paoliing houses lo- 

 cated in various parts of the Florida 

 citrus districts. The fruit used there- 

 fore was produced under a wide range 

 of conditions, and the investigation was 

 continued tliroughout the entire shipping 

 season. The data are therefore the result 

 of a large number of experiments consist- 

 ing of a sufficient number of boxes of 

 fruit to place the work on a commercial 

 basis. A glance at the figures shows the 

 consistency of the general principle ex- 

 pressed above. Of all of the series of 

 oranges picked, packed and shipped by 

 the Bureau workers, the percentage of 

 decay was only .7 per cent on arrival at 

 Washington, D. 0. The fruit was held 

 for three weeks, inspections being made 

 at the end of the first, second and third 



weeks. At the end of the first week the 

 carefully picked and packed fruit showed 

 1.4 per cent, while at the end of the sec- 

 ond and third weeks, respectively, 1.7 

 and 2 per cent decay developed. Contrast 

 these figures with the fruit picked and 

 packed under ordinary commercial con- 

 ditions. On arrival the commercially 

 picked and packed fruit had 6.7 per cent 

 decay, and after holding one week 12.1 

 per cent, after two weeks 15.3 per cent 

 and after three weeks 16.6 per cent. 



Red Raspberrj' Handlinfr and Pre-eool- 

 ins Experiments 



This work was begun during the sea- 

 son of 1911, and records from only one 

 .season are available. All pre-cooling was 

 done after the fruit was loaded into the 

 cars. The data obtained were clear cut 

 and are consistent with the general prin- 

 ciples developed with other fruits; they 

 are presented as additional corroborative 

 evidence. 



Table IV. Red Rasitlierrj Handling Experiments, Puyallup, Washington, Sea- 

 son of ]!)11. 



Carefully Handled. Commerciall.y Handlcil. 



On With- One Day On With- One Day 



drawal. After. drawal. After. 



% Decay % Decay. % Decay. % Decay. 



Four days in refrigerator car 0.2 0.6 1.4 12.2 



Six days In refriprerator car 0.3 S..") 7.2 27.6 



Bight days In refrigerator car 1.7 7.8 22.2 44.3 



Table V. Red Raspberry I're-cooling Experiments, Puyallup, Washington, 

 Season of 1911. 



Pre-cooled. 

 Commercially Handled. 



Four days In refrigerator car. . 

 Sli days in refrigerator car... 

 Eight days In refrigerator car. 



On With- 

 drawal. 

 % Decay 

 ... 2.1 

 ... 9.1 

 . . . 18.4 



One Day 



After. 



% Decay. 



9.5 



19.1 



35.2 



Non-Pre-cooled. 

 Commercially Handled. 



On With- 

 drawal. 

 % Decay. 

 • 5.9 

 15.4 

 27.4 



One Day 

 After. 



% Decay. 

 16.5 

 28.S 

 45.8 



It was impracticable to obtain the in- 

 spection data after shipment to Eastern 

 points. The raspberry crates were there- 

 fore held in an iced refrigerator car at 

 Puyallup, Washington, and the lots of 



fruit were withdrawn after holding pe- 

 riods, which represent trips of four, six 

 and eifcht days respectively. The con- 

 ditions for rapid cooling in the iced car 

 at Puyallup were considerably more fa- 



