1866 



ENCYCLOPEIMA t)F PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 



Linir-Siiliiliiir iiiid Flour rastc 



For spraying trees in foliage and ten- 

 der plants . a lime-sulphur Hour paste 

 spray has given remarkably good results. 

 The following formulae are recommend- 

 ed: 



No. 1. 



Water 200 sals. 



Floiir paste. 8 lbs. flour in. . .8 gnls. water 



SubMniod snlphvir 10 lbs. 



I.iino-svilpbnr solution 'J^l. ^a]s. 



The flour is first made into a thin paste 

 by adding one pound to each gallon of 

 water, according to the above formula. 

 The sulphur is niaile into a paste also 

 and added with the flour paste and lime- 

 sulphur solution to the two hundred gal- 

 lons of water in the spray tank. This 

 spray is excellent for the red spider on 

 almond and citrus trees. Minus the lime- 

 sulphur solution it is a very effective 

 spray for the yellow mite (Tetranychiis 

 bimaculatus) on hops. 



No. 2. (Iron sulphide.) 



Water 200 cala. 



Flour paste, 8 lbs. tlour In. . . .8 yals water. 



LIme-siilpbur solution 21;. gals. 



Iron sulphate 4 lbs. 



This spray is mixed as the preceding, 

 and the iron sulphate after being dis- 

 solved is added directly to the diluted 

 mixture in the tank. 



The above spray is especially recom- 

 mended for late summer sprayings for 

 re'l spider, but should not he applied to 

 fruit trees just before the fruit is ready 

 to pick, as the fruit might be stained. 



EssiG 

 Pyretlirura 



Pyrethrum 1 0?,. 



Water 2 galK. 



This is a contact insecticide but is not 

 poisonous to man. Burning a little py- 

 rethrum powder in a room will tend to 

 destroy flies and mosquitoes. It may be 

 dusted on plants as a dry powder. 



Tobacco Decoctions 



For soft-bodied insects in greenhouses, 

 conservatories, or on house plants, as 

 well as for plant lice, leaf hoppers and 

 other similar insects in the open, the 

 tobacco decoctions are invaluable be- 

 cause they do not injure the foliage, and 

 give excellent killing results. 



(1) 



Tobacco black leaf 1 cal 



Water G't sals. 



(2) 

 Sulphate of nicotine (black leaf 40 1. 1 pt. 

 Water 1 1 2 to 1 2.". cals. 



This Is the standard summer spray for 

 sucking insefts. suoh as green aphis, 

 woolly aphis and other aphides. 



Coiiuncrcia! Extracts 



C. 1 



The extract containing two and three- 

 fourths per cent nicotine should be di- 

 luted to sixty parts of water. Tlie ex- 

 tract containing 40 per cent nicotine 

 should be diluted from one to one thous- 

 and parts or one to fifteen hundred parts 

 of water. 



Home-iriadc lOxtract 

 (4) 



Tobacco leaves or stems 1 lb. 



Water 4 gals. 



Steep the tobacco in the hot water 

 and apply directly. 



(5) 



Blackloaf 40 121/; lbs. 



Fish-oil soap .SiJ lbs. 



Water 1,000 gals. 



Dissolve the soap in hot water. Black- 

 leaf (old style) is one-tenth as strong. 



For orchard mites or scab add 36 gal- 

 lons of 32-degree lime-sulphur. 



EMULSIONS 



Emulsions are oil sprays in which soap 

 is used as an emulsifying agent. They 

 are especially valuable where high power 

 of penetration is necessary or where there 

 is a waxy covering to overcome, as in the 

 case of woolly aphis, mealy bugs, etc. 

 They also have the power of rapid and 

 even distribution over the sprayed sur- 

 face. If properly prepared, emulsions and 

 water mix easily without agitation and 

 are suitable for spraying tough and ten- 

 der foliage alike. 



Certain commercial emulsions are made 

 by breaking up the oils into exceedingly 

 small particles, thus forming a creamy 

 liquid which readily mixes with water. 



Carbolic Acid Emulsion 



(1) 

 This, like the above formula, may be 

 used to destroy eggs and young maggots 

 infesting onions, radishes and other gar- 

 den crops. 



Carbolic acid (crude) 1 pt. 



Soap (hard) 1 lb. 



Water 1 gal. 



Dissolve soap in boiling water; add 

 acid and stir or churn, as in making 

 kerosene emulsion, until the substance 

 bec-omes creamy. To use. dilute one 

 part of the emulsion by adding 30 parts 

 of water. 



(2) 



Whale-oil snap 40 lbs. 



Crude carbolic acid -T gals. 



Water to mix 40 gals. 



