19S4 



ENGYCLOriODIA OF PKACTICAL HOKTICULTUKE 



reinoiiy. Oiu' pound of tobacco to every 

 gallon of water was found necessary to 

 kill them. 



Boil thoroughly for an hour, and strain. 

 The decoction will keep two or three days 

 only. Here, as elsewhere, clean culture 

 is one of the best preventives. Clean up 

 and burn all plants of both tobacco and 

 tomato as soon as the crop is harvested. 



Tarnished Plant Bug. See Strawberry 

 Pests, also Bucis. this section. 



Tomato Aphis 



ilegoura solan i Tlionia.'i 

 For method of control, see general ar- 

 ticle on Aphids. 



Tomato, Coni-Kar Worm or Cotton- 

 Boll Worm 



Heliothi.i obsoleta Fab. 



(Family :Noctui(Uir) 

 Hiliothis armiger Hubn. 



General Appearance 



The adult moths are day as well as 

 night flyers and are exceedingly common. 

 They are nearly one inch long and gray- 

 ish or brownish in color, with or without 

 markings upon the fore wings. The eggs 

 are dirty yellowish-white in color. The 

 larvae are nearly two inches long when 

 full-grown and vary from yellowish to 

 brownish in color with longitudinal gray 

 and white stripes and with eight dark 

 spots or tubercles on each segment. The 

 pupae are rich brown. 



DistrilMition 



Exceedingly common. 



Food Plants 



This species is perhaps most commonly 

 known as the corn-ear worm from its at- 

 tacks upon the ears of sweet corn. The 

 larvae enter near the silk end and de- 

 stroy either the tip or the whole ear. The 

 damage done is often enormous. The 

 fruit of the tomato is also attacked, the 

 worm eating large holes into the bot- 

 toms or sides and thus causing decay. 

 In the Southern states this species works 

 upon the cotton bolls anfi is there known 

 as the cotton-boll worm. 



Control 



The control of this pest is somewhat 

 more complicated than in the case of the 



ordinary cutworms, due to the fact that 

 the young worms work in the ear of the 

 corn, in the tomato or cotton boll and are 

 thoroughly protected from external rem- 

 edies. The use of early-ripening vari- 

 eties as well as a trap crop is highly 

 recommended. Spraying the young ears, 

 tomatoes, or bolls with poisoned sprays 

 gives relief if the work is done thorough- 

 ly and often, but it must be begun before 

 the worms are inside. 



White Fly of Tomato 



Alcuroflfs tabaci 

 This relative of the too well-known 

 citrus white fly occasionally attacks toma- 

 toes. Kerosene emulsion is recommended, 

 as well as destruction of badly infested 

 vines. 



J. R. Watson 



Tools. See Apple Orchard, Cultivation 

 of. 



Toi'-WoiiKi.No. See Apple. Propagation, 

 p. 125. 



ToRiNGO Applr. See Apple, Botany of. 



TowNSHEND, .1. K. See History of Or- 

 charding in Old Oregon. 



Transportation of Nur.sery Stock. See 

 Laws. 



Tracing Movements of Cars. See Re- 

 duction of Waste in Marketing, under 

 Marketing. 



Trees, Where to Buy. See Apple, p. 

 135. 



Tree Roots. See Root System. 



Turnip 



The word turnip is defined as "the 

 fleshy, globular, edible root of a biennial 

 plant of the mustard family; also the 

 plant." The roots are boiled and served as 

 a vegetable in various ways, and also fed 

 to domestic stock The tender growing 

 tops are also gathered in the spring, and 

 cooked as greens. The turnip is grown 

 generally in autumn; and while it is 

 sometimes grown in early spring, the seed 

 is sown mostly in August, or September, 

 depending on the latitude and climate. 

 and grown during the cool weather of 

 autumn, reaching its highest development 

 in the later part of the season, just be- 

 fore the ground freezes. During the first 



