TURNIP— UTAH 



1985 



year of its growth, the root is formed, 

 and if allowed to remain in the ground 

 during the winter, or taken from the soil 

 and stored, then transplanted in the 

 spring, the second year will form a long 

 branched stem, bearing bright yellow flow- 

 ers, which form the seeds for sowing the 

 following year. 



Varieties 



The varieties of turnip are generally 

 classified according to their shape. 



First: The long varieties with a root 

 three or more times as long as the 

 breadth. 



Second. Spindle-shaped varieties, with 

 a root about twice as long as the breadth. 



Third: Round or globe varieties with 

 an almost spherical root. 



Fourth: Flat varieties with a root 

 broader than long. 



There are also many intermediate 

 forms. Turnips may also be grouped ac- 

 cording to the color of the upper part 

 of the root which comes above the ground, 

 and according to the color of the flesh, 

 which is white or yellow. The yellow- 

 fleshed varieties, many of which are prob- 

 ably hybrids between the turnip and the 

 Swede, are more robust, hardy, of slower 

 growth, more nutritious and of superior 

 feeding qualities. This variety is also 

 less injured by Irost than the white tur- 

 nip. 



The Swede turnip differs from the tur- 

 nip proper in having the first foliage 

 leaves of a pale bluish-green color, some- 

 times called sea green, and covered with 

 a bluish-white bloom; rather than the 

 grass green of the ordinary turnip. The 

 root of the Swede also bears a distinct 

 neck with well-marked leaf scars, the 

 flesh is yellow or reddish orange, firmer 

 and keeps better during the winter. 



Rutabaga is another name for the 

 Swede turnip. It is grown in the same 

 manner as the common turnip, except that 

 it is of slower growth and should be 

 planted about a month earlier, say about 

 the last of June, or the first of July. 



Cnltivation 



The turnip should be grown in rich 

 rather sandy loam. It is not best that 



the soil should be heavily fertilized with 

 barnyard manure, on account of the tend- 

 ency to attack from worms. A new soil 

 is good, or a soil recently in pasture, or 

 meadow, or a soil rich in potash. To be 

 of the best quality, the turnip should 

 grow rapidly. The seed is very small, 

 and in sowing Is generally mixed with 

 some fine substance like dust, or ashes. 

 It may be sown broadcast, or in drills and 

 thinned to the proper distances. Often 

 turnips grown for use late in the season 

 are grown on ground where an early crop 

 has been harvested, such as early pota- 

 toes, early cabbages, wheat, rye or early 

 corn. In this manner the ground may 

 be used for the growing of two crops in 

 one season. 



Gkanville Lowther 



TURNIP DISEASES AND PESTS 



Turnips are attacked by the same dis- 

 eases and pests as other cruciferae. See 

 Cabbage, Mustard, Cauliflower, etc. 



Turnips, How Grown in Alaska. See 

 Alaska. 



TuRNiP.s AND Rape iob Cover Crops. 

 See Apple Orchard Cover Crops. 



Utah 



Utah was named after the Ute tribe of 

 Indians. It contains 84,000 square miles. 

 Running north and south through the 

 state are mountain ranges, the principal 

 of which is the Wasatch range, termed 

 the "Backbone of the State." 



The Green and Grand rivers drain the 

 territory east of this range. In the west- 

 ern part of the state is a range of moun- 

 tains that is a part of the Sierra Nevadas. 

 Between these two ranges, one on the east 

 and one on the west, is a great basin in 

 which is situated the Great Salt Lake, 

 sometimes called the "Dead Sea of Ameri- 

 ca," and Utah lake about 40 miles south- 

 ward from Salt lake. 



The annual rainfall is only about 10i/> 

 inches per annum, and little can be grown 

 without irrigation. 



Cache valley iu the Wasatch range is a 

 fruit-growing section about GO miles long 

 and from 12 to 18 miles wide, but the dif- 



