THE GRAPES OF XEW YORK. 121 



Riparia is very resistant to phylloxera, the roots are small in size, 

 hard and numerous and branch freely. The roots feed close to the surface 

 and do not seem to be well adapted to forcing their way through heavy 

 clays or a hardpan formation; but as such soils are unfavorable for all 

 grapes, this character is of little economic importance. Riparia grows 

 readily from cuttings and makes a good stock for grafting, and its union 

 with other species is usually permanent. At the time when Riparias 

 were first sent to France to be used as a stock in reconstituting the 

 French vineyards, it was found that man}' of the vines secured from the 

 woods were of too weak growth to support the stronger-growing Viniferas. 

 On this account the French growers selected the more vigorous fonns of 

 the Riparias sent them to which they gave varietal names, as Riparia 

 Gloire. Riparia Grand Glabre, Riparia Scribner, Riparia Martin and others. 

 With these selected Riparias the graft does not outgrow the stock. Riparia 

 is less resistant to rot than Aestivalis but somewhat more resistant than 

 Labrusca. The foliage is rarely attacked by mildew. One of the chief 

 failings of this species is the susceptibility of the leaves to the attack of 

 the leaf -hopper. This defect is quite serious in some grape-growing regions. 

 The Riparias are generally late in ripening and it is found that the fruit 

 is better in quality in long seasons and that it should be left on the vines 

 as late as possible. There are some early ripening varieties of this species, 

 however. 



VITIS RIPARIA PRiECOX Engelmann. 



I. Prince, 1830:104. V. odoratissim.\: June Grape. 2. Engelmann, Mo. Eiit. Rpt.. 1872:61. 

 3. lb.. Bush. Cat., 1883:1s. June Grape. 4. Bailey, Am. Card., 14:353. 1893. V. vulpi.na, 

 var. precox; June Grape: V. riparia, var. prcecox. 5. lb., Gray's Syn. FL, 1:422. 1897. V. 

 VULPI.NA, var. PR.-Ecox: June Grape. 



The first record of Riparia Praicox is a statement by Prince in 1830 that 

 Nuttall had told him that the June Grape growing on the Mississippi was 

 the true Vitis odoratissima (a sweet scented Riparia which later botanists 

 have not recognized as a distinct species). In 1872 Engelmann refers to 

 it, saying that it grows on rocky river banks in tlie vicinity of St. Louis and 

 that it is brought to market in July. He says further in the Biishberg 

 Catalogue that from the first of July on, ripe fruit is to be found through 

 August and September. Bailey states in the American Gardening that 



