l6o THE GRAPES OF XEW YORK. 



enlarged, somewhat flattened; internodes short to medium; diaphragm nearly thick; 

 pith of average size; shoots tinged with green, glabrous; tendrils intermittent to con- 

 tinuous, bifid to trifid. 



Leaf-buds open in mid-season, of average size, long, somewhat thick, conical to 

 nearly obtuse. Young leaves tinged with carmine on lower side and along margin of 

 upper side, prevailing color pale green. Leaves of average size, thick; upper surface 

 light green, dull, moderately smooth; lower surface pale green, slightly pubescent, 

 flocculent; leaf not lobed, terminus somewhat acute; petiolar sinus deep, narrow, 

 often overlapping; lateral sinus very shallow when present; teeth shallow, wide. Flow- 

 ers occasionally on plan of six, nearly self-fertile, open medium late; stamens upright. 



Fruit ripens soon after Concord, keeps until mid-winter. Clusters variable averag- 

 ing medium to large, short, rather broad, tapering to somewhat cylindrical, sometimes 

 single-shouldered, somewhat loose; peduncle medium to short, nearly thick; pedicel 

 of average length, usually thick, covered with few warts, much enlarged at point of 

 attachment; brush very short, pale green. Berries nearly large, roundish to slightly 

 oval, dark and dull purplish-red somewhat resembling Catawba, covered with lilac 

 bloom, very persistent. Skin thick, tough, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains no 

 pigment, somewhat astringent. Flesh pale green, translucent, tough, slightly stringy, 

 rather solid, foxy, good in quality. Seeds somewhat adherent, two to five averaging 

 four, large, rather narrow, long, often with slightly enlarged neck, blunt, brownish; 

 raphe usually distinct, shows as a ridge in the bottom of a broad groove; chalaza rather 

 large, distinctly above center, not obscure. 



ALEXANDER. 



(Labrusca, Vinifera?) 



I. Dom. Enc, 1804:291. 2. McMahon, 1806:235. 3. Johnson, 1806:164. 4. Adlum, 1823:139. 

 5. lb., 1823:140. 6. Dufour, 1826:5. 9, 24, 55, 116, 207, 247, 255. 7. Adlum, 1838:173. 8. lb., 

 1828:174. 9. Prince, 1830:173, 216, 219. 10. lb., 1830:174. 11. lb., 1830:200. 12. Downing. 

 1845:253. 13. U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt.. 1847:462. 14. lb., 1847:468. 15. 76., 1856:434. 16. Biish. 

 Cat., 1883:68. 



Alc.va7uli.-r's (7, 15). Alexandria (15). Black Crape {16). Biuk Grape (11). Cape (6, 15). 

 Cape grape (12, 13, 16). Cape of Good Hope grape (9, 10). Clifton's Constantia (4, S, 10). Clif- 

 ton's Constantia (12, 16). Columbian (11). Constantia (6, 16). Madeira of York, Pa. (12). Roth- 

 rock of Prince (16). Schuylkill Muscadel (5, 7, 13). Schuylkill Muscadel (9. 12, 14. 15. 16). 

 Schuylkill Muscadine (12). Spring Mill Constantia (9, 12, 16). Taskcr's grape (i, 2, 3, 7, 9. 12. 16). 

 Vevay (13, 15, i6). Winne (ii). Wintie (12, 16). York Lisbon (16). 



Alexander is now a grape of the past but no other of our American 

 varieties better deserves historical record. We have seen in the preceding 

 chapters how important a part it had in the evolution of our native grapes, 

 being one of the first wild grapes to be domesticated. The Alexander was 



