THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 219 



Leaves healthy, variable in size, green, very thick ; lower surface of young leaves 

 pale green shading into bronze on older leaves with little, if any. pubescence. Flowers, 

 strongly self -fertile ; upright stamens. Fruit ripens late. Clusters medium in size, 

 sometimes shouldered, and of average compactness. Berries large, roundish to slightly 

 oval, dull reddish-black covered with thin lilac or faint blue bloom, not very persistent, 

 firm. Skin thick, tough, contains no pigment. Flesh moderately juicy, tough, nearly 

 sweet at skin to decidedly acid at center, with no pronounced aroma, fair to good in 

 quality. Seeds adhere to the pulp, large to medium, plump, broad to medium, inter- 

 mediate in length, rather blunt. 



CONCORD. 

 (Labrusca.) 



I.Mag. Hort., 18:490, 522. 1852. 2. lb., 19:524, 542. 1853. 3. Horticulturist, 9:124, 188, 236. 

 39q, 51S. 1854. 4- ^!<^g- Hort., 20:63, fig- 43'. 553- 1854. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 6. lb., 

 1858:233. 7. Grant. 1864:7, 12. 8. Gar. Mon., 11:39. 1869. 9. Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt.. 1872:47. 

 10. Bush. Cat., 1883:83. 84, fig., 147. 11. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1891:335. 12. Meehan's Mon., 

 4:47- 1894. 13- -V- Y- Sta. An. Rpt., 17:528, 540, 543, 544, 548, 552. 1898. 14. Ev. Nat. Fruits, 

 1898:72. 15. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1900:360. 16. Traite gen. dc vit., 6:it8. 1903. 



Bull's Seedlixg (i). 



The Concord is known by all. The most widely grown of the grapes 

 of this continent, it also represents the dominant type of our native species 

 and with its offspring, pure-bred and cross-bred, furnishes seventy-five per 

 ct. or more of the grapes of eastern America. In New York, approxi- 

 mately seventy-five per ct. of all the grapes grown are Concords alone. 

 The preeminently meritorious character of Concord, which has enabled 

 it to take first place in American viticulture, is the elasticity of its constitu- 

 tion whereby it adapts itself to varying conditions; thus the Concord is 

 grown with more or less profit in every grape-growing State in the Union 

 and to an extent not possible with any other grape. It succeeds on a 

 greater number of soils than any other variety. In the Chautauqua grape 

 region there are six distinct types of soil upon which grapes are grown and 

 the Concord is the leading grape on each of them. 



A second character which commends Concord as a commercial variety is 

 its high degree of fruitfulness, as it gives large crops year in and year out. 

 Added to the above points of superiority are hardiness; ability to with- 

 stand the ravages of both diseases and insects; comparative earliness and 

 therefore certainty of maturity in northern regions; fair size of bunch and 

 berry, good color, and an abundance of bloom, making a most handsome 



