THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 391 



both at the time of emasculation and later, and small coiton bags were 

 tied on the blossoms to prevent tlie interference of foreign pollen. In 

 addition to the repeated applications of pollen to the stigmas, Rogers 

 placed clusters of blossoms of the Vinifera sorts in the enclosing sacks. 

 As a result of these pollinations, he secured al)out one hundred and fifty 

 seeds which were planted in the garden that fall. In the spring of 1852 

 practicalh- every seed germinated, but cut worms and other accidents 

 reduced the number to forty-five which finally fruited. These were left 

 to grow on poles where they were originally planted for three years, when, 

 because of crowding, twenty-five of them were removed to another part of the 

 garden. The untransplanted vines began to bear fruit in 1856 and the 

 transplanted ones a few years later. The seedlings were numbered by 

 Rogers from one to forty-five and for a long time the}' were known under 

 these numbers. Of these, one to five inclusive were of the Carter-Black 

 Hamburg cross; six to fourteen inclusive were of the Carter- White Chas- 

 selas cross ; and all of the numbers from fifteen to forty-five were of Hamburg 

 parentage. As will be noted under Salem, this was later given a number 

 higher than forty-five, owing to the confusion of the sort with some other 

 after being sent out. With this exception, the original crosses were all 

 included in these numbers. In 1858 and 1859, Rogers sent many of these 

 varieties, under the original numbers, to various people for testing. He 

 was compelled to do this, owing to lack of room in the half acre which com- 

 prised the Rogers' garden, to properly test the sorts himself. Of this 

 garden Marshall P. Wilder says: "It is 150 years old; a cold matted soil, 

 filled with old apple and pear trees, currant bushes, flax, and everything 

 mingled in together. It is in a close, hived up place in the city of Salem, 

 and it is a wonder that he ever had a bunch of grapes to show." 



Unfortunately, this dissemination led to the confusion of some of the 

 numbers, a confusion which has never been satisfactorily straightened out. 



In 1867, No. 22, or 53, was given the name Salem. Two years later 

 at the earnest request of a committee from the Lake Shore Grape Growers' 

 Association, Rogers gave names to several of his hybrids, as listed below. 

 He stated that the names selected were either those of persons noted for 

 scientific or literary attainments, or else of counties and towns in Massa- 

 chusetts. There was some criticism at the time from those who thought 



