Insects most injurious to Cultivators. 363 



Dryas, Myosotis, heaths, violas, Z/ychnis alpina, ^rinus, Fran- 

 kenia IseVis, campanulas, ajugas, alyssums, anemones, O'xalis, 

 hepaticas, antirrhinums, aquilegias, y^'rabis, aretias, asters, As- 

 tragalus, armerias, ^nagallis, Cheiranthus alpinus, Cerastium, 

 claytonias, Convallaria bifolia, Coptis trifolia, Cornus canadensis, 

 Cortusa Matthiol/, cyclamens. Calceolaria Fothergill/, tlrabas, 

 erodiums, Galium grae^cum, Gaulther/fl! procumbens, globularias, 

 crane's-bills, gypsophilas, gentians, hieraciums, hypericums, 

 Hippocrepis, JefFerson/a diphyila, Z/dthyrus, Z/Otus, Leontodon 

 aureum, linums, mitellas, Moerhing/a muscosa, menziesias, Or- 

 nithopus durus, Ononis, Onosma, (Xrobus, pinguiculas, phyteu- 

 mas, pyrolas, potentillas, primulas, Pisum maritimum, Polygala 

 Chamaebuxus, i?ubus arcticus, Aubriet/a purpurea, Saponaria 

 ocymoides, (Salvia pyrenaira, statices, silenes, soldanellas, So- 

 lidago miniita, i^ellis minuta, Tencrium pyrenaicum, Tiarella 

 cordifolia, Mitella diphyila, Trientalis, Thymus Corsica, dwarf 

 veronicas. The evergreens are chiefly yews, privets, laurels, 

 arbutus, rhododendrons, brooms, cedars, box, daphnes, laurus- 

 tinus, &c.; to which are added azaleas of every kind, and various 

 other low-growing shrubs. 



Art. II. A Series of Articles on the Insects most itijurious to Cul- 

 tivators. By J. O. Westwood, F.L.S., Secretary to the Entomo- 

 logical Society of London. 



No. 13. The Elm-destroying Scolytus. 



The recent indiscriminate felling of the trees in the most fre- 

 quented parts of Kensington Gardens having attracted consider- 

 able attention to the causes of the disease by which the elms had 

 been killed, together with the circumstance that there are still 

 some persons who maintain that it is attributable to the soil or 

 atmosphere, and not to the attacks of Scolytus, induces me to 

 lay before your readers a few recent observations which have 

 been made upon the subject, together with figures, in detail, of 

 the preparatory states of the insect in question. 



The attention of Messrs. Victor Audouin and Spence has 

 recently been directed towards the subject of the injuries to 

 which the elm is subject; and these gentlemen have communi- 

 cated a series of valuable observations which have been already 

 published in the Arboretum Britan?ucum, to which I must content 

 myself with simply referring the reader, and stating that it has 

 been clearly proved by these observers that, in the first instance, 

 the insects, both males and females, attack the tree, in order 

 to obtain a supply of food, burrowing into the bark ; and that 

 this burrowing brings the tree into an incipient state of disease, 

 when it is selected by the female for the deposition of her eggs ; 



