PRUNING. 35 



second wire, while the main shoot extends to the third wire. The 

 succeeding year grow two new arms for the upper wire ; extend 

 the lower arms by their end laterals, and prune as directed for the 

 third year. Thereafter the strength of the plant is expected to be 

 given to the production of fruit, and the laterals are to be pruned 

 accordingly. 



When the Black Cap raspberry is to be planted, cut off the 

 cane to an eye near the crown of the roots ; set the root at least 

 two inches below the general level of the ground, but if set too 

 deep, the sprouts are liable to damp off and die. 



If the common Red raspberry is lifted and reset, the removal 

 exhausts the plants so much that no fruit will be produced that 

 year. The fruit is borne upon canes of the preceding year's 

 growth, therefore do not expect any fruit the first year, however 

 thrifty the plant may be, but cut the plant off, leaving it only from 

 six to ten inches long. In the second year it will be best to cut 

 back the new canes to three or four feet. It is injurious to leave 

 the whole length of the canes on at the time of transplanting. It 

 is also best to prune out the old canes that have fruited, as soon as 

 the fruit is all gathered. 



Budded Roses should be planted deep, so that the earth covering 

 may be three or four inches deep over the base of the branches, 

 and after the planting is completed the tops should be cut off, 

 leaving not. more than three or four inches of wood above the 

 ground. The roses come from the new growth. The annual 

 pruning should be done at the end of March, leaving only a few 

 inches of the last season's growth on each branch to flower the 

 following summer. 



Clematises, when planted, should be cut down to within a few 

 inches of the ground ; then the succeeding year's growth will be 

 six, eight, or ten feet, according to the strength of the root, and 

 the favorable character of the location. In setting the plant 

 there should be a mound of good soil in the centre of the bottom 

 of the hole, and the mass of roots should be opened well and 

 spread over this mound, and soil worked into and among them, so 

 that each root will be surrounded by fine soil. 



Here is a currant bush two years old. Some persons train them 

 in tree form, but it is never satisfactory unless special care be 

 taken to train and protect it. The bush form is its natural one, 

 and thus grown it may be renewed by right pruning. Currant 



