78 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



example of the use that is made of advice freely and gratuitously 

 given. Nine times out of ten nothing ever comes of it. 



I must speak of another foe which deeply concerns trees, and 

 that is Fungi. They not only destroy the foliage but break up 

 the tree trunks themselves. Another practice I must also condemn 

 is the wholesale cutting back of trees and shrubs by " tree butch- 

 ers," who are so numerous in these days. As we ride about in the 

 cars through our cities and towns, we see on every hand where 

 these tree-vandals, have been at work, destroying thousands of 

 fine trees, — actually beheading them. Again, we see the same 

 men, cutting off great numbers of large limbs for no apparent 

 reason, and leaving their large stumps or scars exposed to the 

 action of the elements, insects, and fungi. 



No study is ever given to the character of a tree, and elm, 

 maple, and willow alike receive the same treatment. Our trees 

 are too valuable to be destroyed in this way, and the time is at 

 hand — at least with us in New York — when imported insects 

 will do too much of this kind of vandal work, and we are already 

 only too desirous to preserve a bud which will at some time 

 develop into a branch to fill a vacancy that injures the symmetry 

 of the tree and is an unsightly deformity in the eyes of the 

 owner. 



In the large city parks of New York, comprising over four 

 thousand acres, there is a great diversity of foliage and tree 

 growth, and therefore a great variety of parasitic life, both animal 

 and vegetable. Like your own city of Boston, New York is a 

 great importing centre, and new things are there being constantly 

 introduced into our country. We are now suffering from some of 

 these introductions, among which the Elm Leaf Beetle {Galeruca 

 xanthomelaina) and the Wood Leopard Moth {Zeuzera pyrina) 

 can be mentioned. 



From a horticulturist's point of view, most of you know how to 

 combat enemies of fruit trees, but perhaps not all who may read 

 this are as wise in their generation, or even willing, like your- 

 selves, to give the time and attention to these details that are so 

 essential to success. I will, therefore, attempt to describe some 

 of the most conspicuous enemies of our shade and ornamental 

 trees, and also the most effective means of combatting them 

 successfully. One of the most serious pests of the many that 

 have been introduced into this country is the Wood Leopard 



