82 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



In treating our trees, shrubs, and plants for the destruction of 

 insect foes, I would advise careful and persistent winter work, for 

 when the trees are leafless is the best time to remove all cocoons,^ 

 egg-masses, etc., from the limbs and trunks, and every dead leaf 

 or bunch of leaves that is fastened to the limbs ought to be 

 considered as harboring a mass of eggs or a pupa, and even if it 

 does not it is safer to have it out of the way. Always make 

 your winter work thorough and your summer trouble will be less. 

 These preventive measures are always to be studied and practised. 

 As you watch the expanding foliage, flowers, and fruits of your 

 trees, watch also for their enemies. Learn to distinguish between 

 friend and foe so as to be able to preserve the one and destroy 

 the other. 



Discussion. 



Professor Southwick displayed numerous charts, two by three 

 feet in size, some having magnified figures of the noxious insects 

 and fungi referred to in his paper, showing them at their different 

 stages of development, that those present might be able to recog- 

 nize the living specimens at sight. 



Other charts showed various tools and the method of using 

 them in the warfare against the many insect pests infesting the 

 trees, shrubs, and plants in the several parks in the city of New 

 York. 



There was also quite an array of the smaller tools, among which 

 were brushes of various forms and sizes, the brush material being 

 steel wire of different degrees of firmness and elasticity. Some 

 were suitable for brushing cocoons and egg-masses from the 

 trunks and branches of rough-barked trees, while others were 

 used on those with smooth, tender bark. 



There were knives of different sizes and forms, of which the 

 shoe knife was held to be the most useful ; also gouges, chisels, 

 mallets, saws of different styles, metal cans with spring bottoms, 

 used to inject bisulphide of carbon into the burrows of wood- 

 boring insects in trees and shrubs, and a variety of other 

 implements for special purposes. 



As Professor Southwick found nothing in the markets to serve 

 his requirements, he invented apparatus to meet his need in 

 particular lines of work. 



This collection of charts excited considerable interest, and at 

 the conclusion of the lecture, many of the audience came to the 



