BUDDING AND GRAFTING. 119 



the wood in the billet containing the buds is removed it is weak- 

 ened ; but if suffered to remain the bud will make a more vigorous 

 shoot. In grafting the olive, if the bark is thick, insert the scion 

 under the bark. Walnut seedlings can be taken up, grafted on 

 the roots, and then set out. In making cuttings of grapes have a 

 piece of last year's wood attached to them. Some graft the vine 

 half a foot below the ground, others just at the surface. Inarch- 

 ing is the best mode of propagating the vine ; bore a hole through 

 the vine you wish to alter, then pass the branch of the better sort 

 through the hole, and in two years cut off the connection between 

 the graft and its original stock and you will have a good vine. 

 The two vines, of course, are supposed to be planted close 

 together. The quality of fruit of a tree is improved if you graft 

 it over with the same variety, provided your scions come from a 

 tree whose fruit is of better quality. As to the affinities of fruit, 

 the peach may be grafted on the plum, plane tree, or bitter 

 almond ; on the bitter almond the peach is rendered more hardy ; 

 on the plane tree it produces red peaches. Red peaches are also 

 obtained by pouring cinnabar (dissolved in water) on the kernels 

 just before planting. Graft the plum on pear, quince, or apple ; 

 apricot on plum and almond ; cherry on the turpentine tree ; pears 

 on pomegranate, quince, almond, and mulberry. On the mulberry 

 tree the pears are red. Graft the apple on the wild pear, quince, 

 plane tree, or citron. On the plane tree it produces red apples, 

 and on the citron it bears all the year round. Quinces may be 

 grafted on the oxyacantha. Graft the vine on myrtle, olive, or 

 cherry ; on the myrtle, the fruit nearest the stem of the bunch will 

 be myrtle berries ; if you work the vine on the cherry, the grapes 

 will ripen in cherr}' season ; this last operation succeeds better if 

 your scions come from a black variety of the grape. Graft figs 

 on the mulberry or plane ; citron on pomegranate, mulberry, or 

 apple. On the mulberry it produces red citrons ; on the apple 

 black ones. The mulberry succeeds well on white poplar, chest- 

 nut, beech, apple, wild pear, or elm ; on the white poplar it 

 produces white mulberries. Graft chestnut on walnut; walnut on 

 strawberry tree ; myrtle on willow, and laurel on ash. Some 

 graft the roots of olives, if they are above ground, while others 

 propagate it from root slips. Graft pistachia on almond. If you 

 work the vine on the olive, or the olive on the vine, they will pro- 

 duce grapes and olives ; the fruit in this case is, as to flavor, a 



