1268 



FORESTRY 



FORSYTHIA 



The raising of trees for shade, for ornament, and for 



avenues is not forestry, but a branch of arboriculture 



(which see) ; the ornamental utihzation of forests, as a 



part of grounds, is discussed 



under Woods. 



B. E. Fernow. 

 FORGET-ME-NOT: UyoRotis. 



FORMAL GARDENING: Land- 

 scape Gardening. 



FORSYTHU (after William 

 Forsyth, prominent Enghsh 

 horticulturist, director of the 

 Royal Garden at Kensington, 

 1737-1804), Olea^es: Golden- 

 Bell. Shrubs grown for their 

 wealth of bright yellow flowers 

 appearing early in spring, also 

 for their handsome dark green 

 foUage. 



Deciduous: Ivs. opposite, 

 petioled, serrate or entire, 

 simple or partly 3-partefl to 

 3-foliolate: fls. 1-6, axillary, 

 pedicelled, heterostylous; calyx 

 and corolla deeply 4-lobed, 

 lobes of the corolla oblong, 

 longer than the campanulate 

 tube; stamens 2, included, in- 

 serted at the base of the corolla; 

 ovary superior; style slender 

 with 2-lobed stigma: fr. a 2- 

 celled, dehiscent caps, with 

 many winged seeds. — Four 

 species in China, Japan and 

 S. E. Eu. 



The golden -bells are highly 

 ornamental, free -flowering 

 shrubs, with simple or ternate 

 leaves and showy yellow flow- 

 ers, borne in great profusion 

 along the slender branches in 

 early spring before the leaves. 

 They belong to the showiest 

 early - flowering shrubs, and 



have handsome, clean foUage, remarkably free from 



insects or fungi, remaining unchanged until late in fall. 



The upright forms are well adapted 



for the borders of shrubberies and 



the pendulous form for covering 



walls, fences, arbors or porches. 



They grow in almost any kind of 



garden soil, and are hardy North 



except F. viridissima, which ia 



somewhat tenderer. Propagation is 



readily by greenwood and hard- 

 wood cuttings; also by seeds. The 



branches of the pendulous form 



often take root at the tips when 



touching the ground, and send 



forth vigorous shoots, hke some 



brambles or the walking-fern. 



A. Lvs. often 3-parted or 3-foliolate: 



hranches hollow between the 

 nodes {except in the hybrid). 



B. Branches always hollow between 



the nodes: lvs. usually ovate, 



often 3-foliolate. 

 suspensa, Vahl. Shrub, to 8 ft., 

 with slender branches often lopping 

 on the ground and taking root: lvs. 

 broad-ovate or oblong-ovate, ser- 

 rate, 3-4 in. long: fls. 1-3, rarely 

 to 6, about 1 in. long, golden yellow, isgo. 

 tube striped orange-yellow within; 



1559. Flowers of For- 

 sythia suspensa var. For- 

 tune!. (X-'j) 



calyx about as long as tube: caps, ovate, about 1 in. 

 long. China. S.Z. 3. Gn. 73, p. 243. Var. Fortunei, 

 Rehd. (F. Fortunei, Lindl.). Fig. 1559. Of upright 

 habit with finally arching branches: 

 lvs. often ternate, ovate or oblong- 

 ovate: corolla with straight and 

 spreading twisted segms. R. H. 

 1861:291. G. 4:79; 13:87. G.M. 

 50:227. F.E. 31:421. Var. decipiens, 

 Koehne. A vigorous form of the 

 preceding: fls. always sohtary, on 

 pedicels usually 3'2iii-, sometimes 

 nearly 1 in. long, deep yellow, known 

 only in the macrostylous form. Gt 

 55, p. 203 Var pallida, Koehne. 

 Fls. always solitary, pale yellow. 

 Var. variegata, Butz. Lvs. varie- 

 gated with golden yellow: fls. deep 

 yellow. Var. atrocafilis, Rehd. A 

 form of var. Fortunei with dark 

 purple branches and the young 

 growth purphsh. Cent. China. Var. 

 pubescens, Rehd. Similar to the 

 preceding, but lvs. soft and short- 

 pubescent on both sides or only 

 below. Cent. China. Var. Sieboldii, 

 Zabel {F. Sieboldii, Dipp.). Fig. 

 1560. Low shrub, with very slender, 

 pendulous or trailing branches: lvs. 

 mostly simple, broad-ovate or ovate: 

 corolla-lobes flat and broad, slightly 

 recurved. B.M. 4995. F.S. 12:1253. 

 Gn. 33, p. 563. A.G. 13:94. G.F. 

 4:79. Gt. 55, p. 205.— F. suspensa 

 is an excellent shrub for the margins 

 of groups, because it finally rolls 

 over and meets the greensward. It 

 can also be trained over an arbor. 



BB. Branches usually, particidarly 

 above, with lamellate pith be- 

 tween the nodes, pith at the 

 nodes usually solid: lvs. only on 

 vigorous shoots partly 2-3-parted 

 or sometimes 3-foliolate, usually ovate -lanceolate. 



intermedia, Zabel {F. suspensa x F. viridissima). 

 Shrub, with slender, erect or arching branches: lvs. 

 oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 

 sometimes 3-lobed or ter- 

 nate, usually coarsely ser- 

 rate, 3-4 in. long: fls. almost 

 like those of F. suspensa var. 

 Fortunei. Gt. 1885:1182; 

 40, p. 397. Gn.W. 22:181. Var. 

 viteliiaa, Koehne (F. vitell'ma, 

 Koehne). With upright or spread- 

 ing branches: fls. deep yellow, little 

 over 1 in. long. Gt. 55, pp. 227, 

 228. Var. spectabilis, Spaeth {F. 

 spectdbilis, Koehne). Upright with 

 spreading and somewhat arching 

 branches: fls. somewhat paler than 

 of the preceding, l^i in. long, often 

 5-6-merous. Gt. 55, p. 229. G. 35: 

 255. Var. densiflora, Koehne {F. 

 densijlbra, Koehne). Upright shrub 

 with divaricately spreading and slen- 

 der arching branches: fls. crowded 

 at the base of the branches, rather 

 pale with flat slightly recurved 

 corolla-lobes. Gt. 55, pp. 230, 231. 

 Var. primulina, Rehd. Upright 

 shrub, with spreading and arching 

 branches: fls. crowded at the base 

 of the branches, pale yellow; lobes of 

 the corolla revolute at the margin. — 



1561. Flowers of 

 Forsythia viridissima. 



(XH) 



Forsythia suspensa var. Sieboldii. 



iXH) 



