1296 



FRUIT-GROWING 



FRUIT-GROWING 



c. The length from the base of the stalk to the base of the cells equal 



to that from the base of the cells to the base of the eye. 

 Section 1. Length from the base of the stalk to the base of the 



eye greater than the lateral diameter. 

 Section 2. Length from the base of the stalk to the base of the 



eye less than the lateral diameter. 

 Section 3. Length from the base of the stalk to the base of 



the eye equal to the lateral diameter. 



A stable and attractive systematic pomology must 

 give careful attention to the names of varieties. In 

 North America much has been done, particularly under 

 the auspices of the American Pomological Society, to 



1595. The forms of fruits, showing, respectively, spherical, coaical, 

 ovate, oblong and oblate forms. 



usually apple-form. In Fig, 1596 are shown special 



parts of the fruit: basin, the depression at the apex, in 

 which is the calyx or eye; cauity, the depression at the 

 base, in which is the stein or stalk; suture, or the 

 groove on the side of plums and other frxiits; corrugated or 

 furrowed sides. The outhne shape of an apple or pear is 

 best seen by cutting the fruit in halves lengthwise; the 

 flat side may then be used to print the form on paper. 

 If descriptions are to be accurate and comparable, 

 they should characterize all the leading or designative 

 attributes of the fruit, and to a less extent of the 

 plant as a whole. Many per- 

 sons who are called on to des- 

 cribe varieties have adopted 

 "forms" or regular outUnes, in 

 order that all characterizations 

 in any one fruit shall be com- 

 parable. The following forms, 

 adopted by the late John Craig, 

 illustrate the points that a good 

 description should cover: 



simplify and codify the ideas associated with the 

 nomenclature of fruits. The current rules or code of 

 nomenclature of the American Pomological Society are 

 as follows: 



Priority. 



Rule 1. No two varieties of the same kind of fruit shall bear the 

 fiame name. The name first published for a variety shall be the 

 accepted and recognized name, except in cases where it has been 

 applied in violation of this code. 



la) The term "kind," as herein used, shall be understood to 

 apply to those general classes of fruits which are grouped together 

 in common usage without regard to their exact botanical relation- 

 ship: as, apple, cherry, grape, peach, plum, raspberry, etc. 



(b) The paramount right of the originator, discoverer, or intro- 

 ducer of a new variety to name it, within the limitations of this 

 code, is recognized and emphasized. 



(c) Where a variety name through long usage has become 

 thoroughly established in American pomological literature for two 

 or more varieties, it should not be displaced nor radically modified 

 for either sort, except in cases where a well-known synonym can be 

 advanced to the position of leading name. The several varieties 

 bearing identical names should be distinguished by adding the 

 name of the author who first described each sort, or by adding 

 some other suitable distinguishing term that will insure their 

 identity in catalogues or discussions. 



(d) Kxiiiting American names of varieties which conflict with 

 earlier published foreign names of the same, or other varieties, but 

 which have become thoroughly established through long usage, 

 shall not be displaced. 



Form of names. 



Rule 2. The name of a variety of fruit shall consist of a single 

 word, whenever possible, or compatible with the most efficient ser- 

 vice to pomology. Under no circumstances shall more than two 

 words be used. When the exigencies of a case make it appear expedi- 

 ent, such words as early, late, white, red, and similar ones may be 

 used as a part of a name. 



(a) No variety shall he named unless distinctly superior to exist- 

 ing varieties in some injportant characteristic nor until it has 

 been determined to perpetuate it by bud-propagation. 



(b) In selecting names for varieties the following points shou'd be 

 emphasized: distinctiveness, simplicity, ease of pronunciation and 

 spelling, indication of origin or parentage. 



(c) The spelling and pronunciation of a varietal name derived 

 from a personal or geographical name should be governed by the 

 rules that control the spelling and pronunication of the name from 

 which it was derived. 



There are relatively few special technical terms used 

 in the descriptions of pomological fruits. The greater 

 part of them pertain to the pome fruits. The diagrams 

 (Figs. 1 595, 1 596) illustrate some of 

 these terms: Spherical, nearly or quite 

 globular, the two diameters being approx- 

 imately equal ; conical, longitudinal 

 diameter equahng or exceeding the trans- 

 verse diameter, and the shoulders or 

 apex somewhat narrowed; ovate, broad- 

 conical, the base more rounded; oblong, 

 longitudinal diameter distinctly the 

 longer, but the fruit not tapering; oblate, 

 distinctly flattened on the ends. In the 

 true Japanese or sand pears, the fruit is 



. 8i2e . 



Name 



form 



cavity atem 



suture apex. . . 



skin color . . . 



flesh juice . . . 



stone quality. 



flavor season. . 



TREE 



GENERAL NOTES 



Specimens received from Described by Date. . . 



CHERRY Group. 



Name 



size form . . . 



color skin 



cavity stem 



basin calyx . . . 



flesh quality. 



texture core 



seed 



TREE 



GENERAL NOTES. 



Specimens received from Described by Date.. 



APPLE 



1596. Illustrating special terms used in describing fruits, showing, respectively, 

 basin, cavity, suture, corrugation. 



