1338 



GILLENIA 



GINSENG 



trifoliata, Moenoh. Bowman's Root. Lfts. serrate; 



stipules small, awl-shaped, mainly entire. Cent, and S. U. 



S. B.M. 489 (as Spiraea). Mn. 8:129. J.H. III. 43:188. 



stipulata, Trel. 

 ( G . stipulacea, 

 Nutt.). American 

 Ipecac. Lfts. in- 

 cised; stipules 

 large, broad, and 

 leaf-like, doubly in- 

 cised. Cent, and S. 

 U.S. 



K. M. WiEGAND. 



GILLYFLOWER. 



Down to Shake- 

 speare's time usu- 

 ally referred to 

 what we now call 

 the carnation, Di- 

 • anthus Caryophyl- 

 Ivs, also known as 

 clove pink. Since 

 Shakespeare's time 

 giUiflower has usu- 

 ally meant either 

 wall- flowers or 

 stocks, as explained 

 Matthiola. 



GINGER; Zingiber officinale. Wild Ginger: Asarum canadense. 



GINKGO (Chinese name). Syn., Salisbiiria. Gink- 

 godcese, one of the segregates from the Coniferse. One 

 species in northern China and Japan, the sole remainder 

 of a more numerousTrlbe in geologic time; now wide- 

 spread as a street and park tree and also prized for the 

 edible seeds. 



Tall tree, with wedge-shaped deciduous Ivs.: flg. 

 small and mostly dioecious; pistillate fl. soUtary, the 

 single naked ovule ripening into a drupe; staminate fls. 

 in slender, loose catkins: fr. a drupe about 1 in. diam., 

 containing a very large lenticular seed or kernel. 



1640. Ginkgo biloba. 

 under Cheiranthus and 



bfloba, Linn. (Salisbiiria adiantifblia, Smith). 

 Ginkgo. Maidenhair Tree. Kew Tree. Figs. 1640- 

 1642. A straight, sparsely branched, usually slender 

 tree, attaining a height of 60-80 ft. : Ivs. 3-5, 1-clustered, 

 fan-shaped, divided at summit, with thickened margin, 

 striated on both sides with numerous parallel veins: 

 fls. dioecious; male catkins slender, stalked; females 

 on long footstalks, in pairs, of which one usually 

 aborts: fr. a drupe, consisting of an acrid, foul-smelUng 

 pulp surrounding a smooth, angular oval, cream-col- 

 ored, thin-shelled, sweet-kerneled nut. F.S. 10, p. 119. 

 G.C.IIL 5:265, 269. G.F. 1:175 (adapted in Fig. 

 1640). A.G. 12:268. Gng. 6:194. G.M. 52:1011. 



1641. Ginkgo leaves and fruit. 



1642. Ginkgo fruit. (Natural size) 



Gn. 66, p. 345. Gn.M. 2:11. G.W. 3, p. 542; 10, p. 

 285; 15, pp. 589-593. J.H. III. 64:148.— The ginkgo 

 was intro. to Amer. early in the last century; it is gen- 

 eraUy successful on good soil in the eastern states as 

 far north as E. Mass. and Cent. Mich., and along the 

 St. Lawrence River in parts of Canada. It is of special 

 value for solitary planting to secure picturesque effects. 

 It is considerably planted in Washington, D. C, where 

 it is growing in esteem as a street tree because of its 

 upright habit and freedom from insect injury. Easily 

 prop, from seed, stratified in autumn; varieties by 

 budding and grafting. Several horticultural forms are 

 recognized, including laciniata, pcndula and variegata. 

 The foul odor of the ripe frs., which continue to mature 

 and drop during a period of some weeks, constitutes 

 the chief objection to the species as a street tree, or 

 near dwellings, and suggests the advisability of prop, 

 from staminate trees by grafting or budding, for plant- 

 ing in such locations. The kernels, which have a sweet- 

 ish, slightly resinous flavor, are highly esteemed for 

 food in China and Japan, and are gathered from fruiting 

 trees in Washington for such use by Chinese laundry- 

 men. 



The word Ginkgo seems to be pronounced with a hard 

 initial G in the orient, but in EngUsh a soft G should 

 be used. The name is often spelled Gingko, but the 

 other spelling is that used by Linnceus. 



W. A. Taylor. 



GINSENG (Panax quinquefdlium, Linn. P. Ginseng, 

 Meyer. Aralia quinqucfblia, Decne. & Planch.) is to 

 the Chinese more than quinine or any other drug is to 

 Americans. As its name Panax impUes, it is a pana- 

 cea, being employed for all the ills that flesh is heir to. 

 Though credited with stimulating, aromatic, alterative, 

 carminative and tonic properties, the root is with ua 



