1372 



GRAMMATOPHYLLUM 



GRAPE 



sized and well-drained pots filled with peat, and need 

 considerable water while actively growing. They 

 should be allowed to rest occasionally. Season of bloom 

 and further cultural details with each species. 



A. Pseudobulbs very long, comparatively slender. 

 speciosum, Blume (G. Sanderiayium, Hort.). Letter 

 Plant. Fig. 1704. Pseudobulbs 6-10 ft. long, slender, 



1704. 



Grammatophyllum 

 speciosum. 



fiexuous: Ivs. 2-ranked, 1-2 ft. 

 long; fl.-clusters open, some- 

 times 6 ft. long from the base 

 of the stalk; fls. numerous. 6 

 in. diam., clear yellow, spotte 

 with deep red purple. Winter. 

 Malayan region, notably 

 Java.'G.C. III. 7:297; 13:1; 

 22:145, 147; 3:3:391; 40:86; 

 42:169, 170. B.M. 5157.— 

 This magnificent plant, 

 one of the very largest of its 

 family, has been well-named 

 the "queen of orchids." 

 A huge individual growing on 

 a tree in the open at the Botanical Garden of Buitcn- 

 zorg, Java, has the following dimensions: diam. of 

 whole plant, 18 ft.; collar about the trunk of the tree 

 formed by the closely interwoven roots, 7' 2 ft. diam., 

 2\i ft. thick, and over 3 ft. high; fl. -clusters (appearing 

 at the same time) 50-60, each 2 ft. or more in length 

 and bearing 70-100 fls. And it must be remembered 

 that this huge plant is an epiphyte! Temperature, 

 especiall}' soil temperature, should be carefully regu- 

 lated in growing this plant. Owing to the brighter hght, 

 it does better in American than in European hothouses. 



AA. Pseudobulbs comparatively short and thick, leafy 



only at summit. 



B. Fls. greenish or ycllomsh, spotted with brown. 



Fenzlianum, Reichb. f. (G. Mea^uresianmn, Hort.). 

 Lvs. 4-6: fl. -clusters sometimes 15 at one time, each 

 over 5 ft. long and containing over 60 fls., sepals and 

 petals narrow, greenish yellow, tipped and spotted with 

 brown ; lip streaked with purple. April. Isl. of Amboina, 

 Philippine Isls.(?). J.H. III. 29: 123. G.M. 34:334. 

 Var. Measxiresianum, Hort. (G. Measuresianum, Hort.). 

 Fls. larger and brighter; sepals and petals emerald- 

 green, marked with brown-purple. G.W. 2, p. 73. 



Rumphianum, Miq. (C. Guilelmi II, Kranzl. ). 

 Pseudobulbs 6-8 in. long, ovoid or fusiform : lvs. 1-2 ft. 

 long: raceme nodding or hanging, 3-4 ft. long from the 

 base of the stalk; fls. often 30-35, 3 in. diam., green out- 

 side, green blotched with brown-purple within; sepals 

 and petals similar; lip puriile-veined, downy. Molucca 

 Isls., Borneo, New Guinea, and the Phihppines(?). 

 B.M. 7.507. C.O. 1. — A large, showj' species. 



BB. Fls. brown, streaked with green. 



multiflorum, Lindl. Lvs. 3-4: fl.-clusters nearly 2 ft. 



long. Summer. Philippine Isls. P.M. 6:217. — This 



very desirable species has not yet found its way into 



American trade. It is easily grown, either in a pot filled 



with a well-drained "compost of heath soil and pots- 

 herds," or merely fastened to copper wire and hung 

 from the roof. 



G. ^llisii, Lindl. =Grammangi3 EUisU. — G. indeUrminale, Hort. 

 = (7).-G. hMum, Hort.= (?). rp_ jj KearNEY. 



George V. NASH.f 



GRAPE. Plants of the genus Vitis, and the berries 

 thereof, abundantly grown for fruit. 



The grape is one of the oldest of domesticated fruits. 

 It is probable that wine was made from it before the 

 plant was brought into cultivation. It seems to have 

 been cultivated at the dawn of history. Its product 

 was apparently no rarity in Noah's time. 



The grape of history is the Old World Vitis vinifera, 

 the "wine-bearing Vitis," probably native to Asia. The 

 paramount use of the grape always has been the pro- 

 duction of wine. A secondary value is the production 

 of raisins; and another is fruit for the dessert and for 

 culinary uses. Cireat efforts were made to introduce 

 the cultivation of the European grape into the Ameri- 

 can colonies, but they resulted in failure. It was not 

 until the latter ]).art of the last century that the chief 

 causes of this failure became known: the depredations 

 of the phylloxera and mildew, — and even then the 

 causes were discovered largely because these American 

 parasites had made incursions into the vineyards of 

 Europe. In the meantime, one or two of the native 

 species of Vitis had been ameliorated, and American 

 viticulture had become established on a unique and 

 indigenous basis, and the fruits are grown to eat rather 

 th.an to drink. So fully did these early American ven- 

 tures follow European customs that the grapes were 

 usually planted on terraced slopes, as they are on the 

 Rhine and about the continental lakes. Those early 

 experiments finally failed because of the black-rot. 



North America is richest in species of Vitis (see the 

 article Vitis). These species range from ocean to ocean 

 and from the British possessions to the tropics. The 

 species that has been most improved is Vitis Labru.tca 

 of the Atlantic slope, although it seems to possess less 

 native merit than some of the .southwestern species- 



1705. The Labrusca or Fox-Grape type. Niagara (at left) ; Brighton. 



