1392 



GRAPEFRUIT 



GRAPTOPHYLLUM 



smooth-skinned. Introduced from Pernambuco, Brazil, 

 by the United States Department of Agriculture. 

 Triumph: fruits medium size, heavy, smooth-skinned, 

 not very bitter; a prolific and a strong grower, but 

 rather tender; season early. The Bowen, Excelsior, 

 Josselyn, Leonardy, Manville, McCarty, McKinley, 

 May, Standard and Walters are Florida seedlings 

 cultivated locally in that state. 



In California one of the best varieties is the Marsh 

 (Marsh Seedless) : fruit large (see Fig. 1744), subglobose, 

 light yellow, not very bitter, often seedless, tree low 

 and spreading. This variety originated in Florida but is 

 best adapted to California conditions. The popularity 

 of the grapefruit in California has been increasing dur- 

 ing the past few years and it seems certain that this 

 fruit is destined to become one of the standard fruits of 

 that state. It should be noted that in California the 

 grapefruit is really a summer fruit; in Florida it is a 

 winter and spring fruit. 



Hybrids. — The tangelo, the result of a cross between 

 the tangerine orange and the grapefruit (pomelo) is a 



have not been produced in a commercial way until 

 within recent years. Even at present, the product is 

 only a small fraction of that of the orange and lemon. 

 Perhaps not more than 400 or 500 cars are annually 

 shipped out of the state. All of the Florida varieties 

 have been tested, many of them proving unsuited to 

 the conditions. At present the Marsh, or Marsh Seed- 

 less as it is commonly called, is planted almost exclu- 

 sively. The Triumph and the Imperial are also grown 

 to some extent, while the Nectar and the Clayson are 

 new varieties which are attracting attention. 



But little attention has been paid to the handling of 

 this fruit in California, and it is undoubtedly true that 

 many of the seedling and miscellaneous varieties which 

 have been inadvisedly put on the market have been very 

 much inferior to Florida-grown pomelos. Usually, on 

 account of the poor varieties grown, California pomelos 

 are shipped mainly to Pacific and intermountain states 

 where they do not come in such active competition with 

 the Florida product. It is undoubtedly true, however, 

 that certain varieties of the pomelo when well grown 



1744. Grapefruit— The Marsh. (XH) 



striking new citrous fruit. The Sampson tangelo, 

 obtained by the writer in 1897 by crossing the tangerine 

 with the Bowen grapefruit, is the first of this new 

 group of fruits to be grown commercially. Other tan- 

 gelos are now being tested. See Tangelo. 



Diseases. — The grapefruit tree is decidedly resistant 

 to mal-di-gomma or foot-rot and is only slightly 

 affected by scab. It is, however, more susceptible than 

 any other citrous fruit to citrus canker. This disease 

 was first discovered near Miami, Florida, in July, 1913, 

 by E. V. Blackman. It is believed to have been intro- 

 duced from Japan. In appearance somewhat similar 

 to the scab, this disease has spread over a large area 

 in southern Florida. It is very infectious and has been 

 carried from one grove to another by wagons, birds, 

 and other means. No remedy is known, and Florida 

 growers, in order to check its spread, have been obliged 

 to burn hundreds of infected trees. Investigators differ as 

 to the cause of citrus canker. Walter T. Swingle. 



Grapefruit, or pomelo, in California. 



Pomelos have been grown for many years in Cali- 

 fornia, but, although they succeed admirably, they 



and intelligently handled are equal to the best Florida 

 product. There is no reason why the production of 

 pomelos in California should not be considerably 

 increased. Growers, however, seem to fear an over-pro- 

 duction and new plantings are at present quite small. 



The pomelo, in its general growth, resistance to frost, 

 propagation, culture, fertilizing, irrigation, and the 

 like, is similar to the orange. The season in California is 

 from February 1 until September 1. j. Eliot Coit. 



GRAPE HYACINTH: Muscari botryoides. 



GRAPE, SEASroE: Coccoloba uvi/era. 



GRAPTOPHYLLUM (Greek words referring to the 

 variegated foliage). Acanthdcese . Tender shrubs, one 

 of which is cultivated in a very few American conserva- 

 tories for its variegated foUage, and is said to be very 

 popular in India and the tropics. 



Leaves opposite, entire (in one species spiny-dentate), 

 often colored: fls. reddish purple, wide gaping, clus- 

 tered either in a terminal thryse or in the axils; calyx 

 divided to the base into .5 segms. ; corolla-tube inflated 

 above; upper lip with 2 short recurved lobes; lower 

 lip 3-cut; stamens 2: fr. a club-shaped or oblong caps. 



