HAWORTHIA 



HAZEL NUT 



1435 



DD. Upper face of Ivs. obliquely or obscurely if at all 

 subtruticate, not arislale. 



20. cymbifonnis, Haw. (H. concava, Haw. Aide 

 cyinbiformis, Haw. A. cymbsfolia, Schrad. Ajncra 

 cymba'flMa, Willd.). Cespitose: Ivs. entire, smooth, 

 ascending, oblong, the point often abruptly deciduous, 

 leaving a scar, about 7-nerved with cross-veins, Ji x 1 J/2 

 in., pale and glaucescent: infl. 1 ft. high, simple; fls. 

 red-keeled. Cape. Icon. Sel. Horti Thenensis, 105. 

 B.M.802. NeuesJourn. Bot. 2:2. Jacq., Fragm. 112, f. 

 1. Salm, Aloe §11, f. 1. Berger 33. — A smaller form with 

 blunter more conspicuously lined Ivs. 1 in. long is var. 

 obt&sa, Baker {H. obliisa, Haw. Aloe hebes, R. & S.). 



21. reticulata, Haw. {Aloe reticulata, Haw. A. 

 arachno'idcs reticulata, Ker. .4. herbacea, DC. Apicra 

 reticulata, Willd.). Cespitose: Ivs. smooth, finely 

 denticulate, acute, with about 10 connected nerves, 

 Jsx 1 in., light green: infl. 1 ft. high; fis. rosy-lined. 

 Cape. Sakn, Aloe §10, f. 1. B.M. 1314. 



DDD. Upper face not iruncately spreading at end, aristate. 



E. Shape of Ivs. broad, acute, not scabrous, denticulate 



or ciliate. 



22. altilinea, Haw. (H. mucronata. Haw. H. limpida. 

 Haw. //. aristata. Haw. H. polyphylla, Baker. Aloe 

 altilinea, R. & S.). Cespitose: Ivs. upcurved, biconvex, 

 reticulated, Hx2 in., light green: infl. 1 ft. high, 

 simple; fls. green-Uned. Cape. Salm. Aloe §11, f. 3. 



23. cuspidata, Haw. (Aloe cuspidata, R. & S.). 

 Nearly simple: Ivs. ascending, abruotly pale-tipped, 

 turgid, with 3 connected nerves, H x 1 in., pale green: 

 infl. 1 ft. high, simple. Cape. 



EE. Shape of Ivs. narrow, long-pointed. 



24. arachnoides, Haw. (Aide arachnmdes. Ait. A. 

 piimila arachnoides, Linn. Apicra arachnf>ldes, WiUd.). 

 Simple: Ivs. upcurved, rather 3-sided, toothed on the 

 keels, with 8 or 9 somewhat connected nerves, Yz x 2-3 

 in., glaucescent: infl. 1-1?'^ ft. high, simple; fls. sessile, 

 rosy-lined. Cape. DC, PI. Or. 50. B.M. 756. Sahn, 

 Aloe §12, f. 2. Jacq., Schoenbr. 421(?). 



H. atrovirens. Haw. Leafy st. very short, the rosettes stolo- 

 niferous: Ivs. 30-40, dense, oblong-lanceolate, ^27?i in. long, dull 

 green, reddish brown when old, with 3-5 vertical green lines: 

 Bcape simple, 6 in. S. Afr. B.M. 1361.— H. Piarsoiiii, C. H. 

 Wright. Stemless: Ivs. crowded, Vj x 1 J4 in., pale green, with 2 

 rows of cilia on back, each with bristle on apex: scape 10 in. long. 



S- •*■'■'■ WlLLI.\M TrELEASE. 



HAWTHORN: Cratsegus. Hawthorn, East Indian: Raphiolepis. 



HAYLOCKIA (Matthew Haylock, gardener to Dean 

 Wm. Herbert, the latter authority on amarylhds). 

 Amaryllidncese. A small bulb, not unUke a crocus in 

 habit, blooming in spring; allied to Zephyranthes. 



South American: Ivs. linear, all radical: scape very 

 short bearinga solitary fl., with a slender tube 1-1 }4 in. 

 long and a limb of about equal length ; stamens affixed 

 in the throat and shorter than the lobes; ovary 3-celled, 

 with the filiform style included in the perianth-tube 

 and the stigmas short-linear. H. pusilla, Herb., the 

 only species, is hkely to appear in the American trade. 

 The fl. has a greenish tube, the Hmb whitish or straw- 

 colored and stained outside with purple, apparently 

 somewhat variable in color (sometimes pale rose) : bulb 

 globose, with brown appressed scales: Ivs. appearing 

 after the fls., the latter coming in England in .July to 

 Sept. and ephemeral. Extra-trop. S. Amer., in the 

 region of Montevideo and Buenos AjTes. B.R. 1371. 

 B.M. 7693. From ZephjTanthes it differs in the very 

 short or almost wanting scape, the ovary b^ing prac- 

 tically in the bulb-neck. L. H. B. 



HAZARD lA (Barclay Hazard, Californian botanist). 

 Composils'. Small shrubs, with silvery leaves and pecu- 

 liar, not pretty, heads of flowers, borne in August. One 

 is suitable for rockeries and bedding out, but there are 

 better woolly-leaved plants in cultivation. 



The genus has about 4 speces of stout, tomentose, 

 deciduous subshrubs of Calif., and at least 1 species from 

 the islands off the coast: heads white-tomentosc, numer- 

 ous, in large cymose panicles, which terminate the 

 branches; rays 5-8, neutral, very short, ligulate or 

 irregularly 5-toothed or lobed, pale yellow changing 

 to brownish purple. In 1887, E. L. Greene made this 

 new genus, remarking that it fliffers from Diploste- 

 phium mainly in habit, the paucity, reduced size, and 

 different color of its rays. It also lacks the tuft of hairs 

 characteristic of the style-tips of Corethrogyne. 



detonsa, E. L. Greene (Corelhrdgyne detdnsa, 

 Greene). Branches very leafy up to the base of the 

 loose panicle: Ivs. of firm texture, 2-4 in. long, obovate- 

 oblong, coarsely serrate; upper surface of older Ivs. 

 partly divested of the white tomentum which covers 

 aU other parts of the plant. G.C. III. 28:470. 



N. TAYLOR.t 



HAZEL NUT. The nuts of Corylus (which see). In 

 North America, the term is mostly appUed to the native 

 species of Corylus, and the word filbert is used more or 

 less indiscriminately for the nuts of the Old World 

 species. (See Filbert.) In the present article, the term 

 hazel nut is used generically for the fruits of all the 

 species. Fig. 1788. 



The three native hazels, Corylus americana, C. 

 californica and C. rostrata, have been sparingly intro- 

 duced to cultivation, but have not developed varieties 

 worthy of naming or propagating. The foreign species, 

 C. Avellana, C. ponl.ica and C. maxima, and perhaps 

 others, were introduced along the Atlantic seaboard 

 at an early day and are maintained in gardens 

 throughout the New England and Middle Atlantic 

 States. Efforts to make extensive culture profitable in 

 the eastern United States have hitherto failed, 

 probably from attacks of a fungous disease, Cryp- 

 tosporella anomala, common on C. americana, but not 

 speciaUy injurious to that species. It attacks and 

 destroys the young branches, and later the older 

 branches and trunk, without kiUing the root. Bor- 

 deaux mixture has been suggested as a preventive, but 

 recorded successful experiments are lacking. Experi- 

 mental plantings on the Pacific slope indicate greater 

 success with imported hazels there than in the East, 

 but they have not developed commercial importance. 



The requirements of the filbert in America, so far as 

 known, are: moderately rich, well drained soil; absence 

 of Corylus americana from vicinity; freedom from mild 

 periods in winter and late frosts in spring. It is specially 

 subject to frost-injury, as both staminate and pistil- 

 late catkins develop in fall antl quickly swell and open 

 under the influence of mild weather in winter. The 

 staminate catkins commonly bloom first. If they are 

 destroyed by frost, fertiUzation can be accomplished by 

 suspending branches from other locahties, even of 

 other species. 



Propagation by seeds is easily done by stratifying in 

 fall and planting in nursery rows in early spring. Seed- 

 lings varj' exceedingly, and varieties are perpetuated by 

 budding, grafting, sucker.s or layers, commonly by the 

 last two methods. A considerable supply of well- 

 rooted suckers can be secured from fruiting trees by 

 banking in summer with rich soil or stable manure to 

 promote root-formation. Stools for layering should be 

 heavily manured to force long and slender shoots 

 suitable for bending. These should be staked down in 

 winter or spring and covered with earth. They may be 

 removed to nursery rows or orchard at end of first 

 season. 



Planting should be a:t a distance of 10 to 20 feet m 

 well-prepared soil, in fall or spring, (iround may be 

 cropped with low-growing, cultivated plants while 

 trees are young, but should be maintained in good 

 tilth and fertility. 



Pruning is of special importance with this nut. Trees 



