1436 



HAZEL NUT 



HEBENSTREITIA 



are usually headed at height of 1 or 2 feet, though often 

 permitted to take natural form, which is that of a 

 many-stemmed bush, designated a "stool." Trees are 

 classified according to height of clear 

 trunk into "standard," "half-stand- 

 ard," and "dwarf standard." A short 

 trunk, with vaseform head of six or 

 more branches, is preferred. Suckers 

 should be kept down, unless desired 

 for propagation. Both sexes of blcs- 

 soms are borne on one-year-old lateral 

 twigs or spurs. March or April, after 

 flowers of both sexes have bloomed, is 

 considered best time for pruning, as 

 unnecessary sacrifice of pollen can thus 

 be avoided. Strong shoots should be 

 headed back to promote spur-forma- 

 tion, and old wood that has borne 

 fruit should be removed annually. 



The nuts should not be gathered 

 until ripe, a condition indicated by 

 the browning of the edges of the husk 

 If left until fully ripe, many of the 

 fruits will rattle out and be lost. The 

 highest prices are obtained for freshly 

 gathered nuts in the husks. To pre- 

 vent husks from molding, they should be 

 well dried or slightly sulfured. Hazel- 

 nuts may be held for considerable 

 periods in tight receptacles, as 

 casks or jars by sprinkhng salt 

 over them and storing them in a 

 cool, dry place, or in a refrigerated 

 compartment. 



Few insects trouble the European 

 hazelnuts in America, the nut- 

 weevil of EuTope;Balaninus n ucum, 

 not having yet been naturahzed. 

 B. nasicus sometimes does con- 

 siderable injury to the native 

 species. 



Nuts and filberts are terms 

 loosely used abroad, especially 

 in England, to designate cer- 

 tain rather indefinite forms of 

 Corylus AveUana and C. max- 

 ima. In general, such varieties 

 as have husks shorter than 

 their fruits are termed nuts, 

 while such as have husks as 

 long as or longer than their 

 fruits are designated filberts. 



But few varieties are known 

 in America, most of the hazels grown 

 being seedlings from imported nuts. 

 Varieties of Corylus AveUana and C. 

 maxima are not clearly distinguishable, 

 but in general those with husks longer than 

 the nuts are assigned to C. maxima, and those 

 with short husks to C. AveUana. 



Alba (White Filbert). — Regarded in England as one 

 of the best varieties. Can be itept in husk longer than 

 most others because of constricted form of husk Kernel co\ered 

 with a white skin. Known as .\veUnier Blanche, Wrotham Park, 

 etc. Succeeds in California. 



Cosford (Miss Young's, Thin-shelled). — Nut oblong, thin-shelled, 

 of excellent quality; in a hirsute, laciniated husk, about the same 

 length as nut. 



Crispa (Cape Nut, Frizzled Filbert). — Nut thin-shelled, some- 

 what flattened, late; in husks curiously frizzled throughout and 

 wide open at the mouth. Verj' productive. 



Doumton Large Square. — Nut very large, semi-square, thick- 

 ehelled and well filled, of the highest quality; husk smooth, shorter 

 than nut. 



Du Chilly. — A fine, large, compressed-cylindrical variety, with 

 moderately thick shell, and of fine quality. Introduced from 

 France by Felix Gillet, of California. The largest filbert grown in 

 America so far as known. 



Grandis (Round Cobnut). — Nut large, short, slightly com- 

 pressed, of good quaUty when fresh, with a thick and hard shell; 



in a short husk, much frizzled and hairy. One of the best varie- 

 ties; considered the true Barcelona nut of commerce. Also known 

 as Downton, Dwarf Prolific, Great Cob, Pearson's Prolific and 

 Round Cob. 



Jones. — A short, roundish nut, of me- 

 dium size and good quality, somewhat 

 grown for several years in central Dela- 

 ware. Bush hardy and vigorous, produc- 

 ing suckers freely, and thus far free from 

 disease. 



Lambert (Lambert's Filbert, Lambert's 

 Nut, Filbert Cob; Kentish Cob, errone- 

 ously). — Nut large, oblong, somewhat 

 compressed: shell rather thick; kernel 

 lump and of rich flavor: an excellent 

 :eeper. Husk quite smooth, longer than 

 nut and_ but shghtly cut in margin. Tree 

 productive. Considered the best variety 

 grown in England, where it has been 

 known since 1812. 



Purple-leaved. — Nut large and of 

 excellent quality: in a husk longer 

 than the fruit. Planted for ornament, 

 and productive of good nuts under 

 proper treatment. The leaves and 

 husks are of a deep purple color, which 

 Ls retained until frost. The staminate 

 catkins are tender and often injured 

 by frosts in winter, but when supplied 

 with pollen from some more hardy 

 variety it yields large crops. 



Red .iveline (-\velineer Rouge, Red 

 Hazel). — Nut large, ovate, thin- 

 shelled, with a smooth, red-skinned 

 kernel, and of sweet nutty flavor. 

 This -variety is prized in eastern 

 Califocnia as a productive sort of 

 good quality. 



Spanish. — Nut very large, oblong, 

 thick-shelled, with a smooth husk 

 longer than the fruit. Sometimes con- 

 founded with Grandis. 



W. A. Taylor. 



HEAL-ALL: Brunella. 



HEART'S EASE: Old English 

 Dime for pansy, Viola tricolor. 



HEATH, HEATHER. The 



common heather of Old World 

 hter iture is a hardy plant, CaUiina 

 indgaris; the greenhouse heaths are 

 from the Cape of Good Hope and 

 Europe, and belong to the genus 

 Enca. For St. Dabeoc's heath, see 

 Daboecia. 



HEATING: Greenhouse heating. 



HEBECLINIUM: Eupatorium. 



HEBENSTREITIA (named for 

 John Ernst Hebenstreit, 1703- 

 1757, professor of medicine in the 

 University of Leipzig). Stiagin- 

 accsc Annual herbs, subshrubs or 

 shrubs, mostly grown in green- 

 houses: Ivs. alternate or opposite 

 often narrow, entire or often den- 

 tate spikes terminal, often dense, 

 short or elongated; fls. sessile, 

 white, yellow or pink; stamens 4 

 did-ynamous, included, filaments 

 short; anthers oblong or hnear, 

 1-loculed; ovary 2-loculed: fr. 

 with 2 cells, often one not well 

 developed. — About 30 species, 

 mostly from S. Afr. H. comdsa, 

 Hochst., is grown as a half- 

 hardy annual (plant 

 perennial). One to 4 

 ft. high: Ivs. numerous, 

 lanceolate or elliptic- 

 lanceolate, glabrous, 

 J2-2 in. long; spikes 

 elongate, 2-6 in. long, 

 mignonette -like; cor- 



1788. 



Filberts and 



hazels. 



(Nat. size) 

 1. -4merican- 

 grown filberts: 

 2. Corylus ameri- 

 cana, form with 

 open involucre; 3. 

 americana. closed invo- 

 lucre; 4. C. cali/ornica; 

 5. C. rostrata. 



