1438 



HEDERA 



HEDGES 



gated middle lobe and 1 or 2 short spreading lobes on 

 each side at the base: rather more pubescent, stellate 

 hairs with about 8 rays. Crimea. Fossiblj' hybrid of 

 H. helix and H. colchica. — The following are some of 

 the most remarkable of the horticultural forms: Var. 

 arborescens, Loud. (H. arborea, Hort.). Not cUmbing, 

 forming an erect, low shrub: Ivs. ovate to elhptic, 

 entire. This variety is gained by using flowering 

 branches for prop. There are also some variegated 

 forms, as Silver Queen, with silvery variegated Ivs. 

 Var. baltica, Hort. A small-leaved form hardly differ- 

 ing from the type; the hardiest or one of the hardiest 

 of the forms in cult. Var. Cavendishii, Koch (var. 

 marginata nvlnor, Hort.). Slow-growing, with rather 

 small dull green Ivs., edged creamy white, striped red 

 or pink in faU. Var. conglomerata, Nichols. Slow- 

 growing: Ivs. crowded, small, entire or 3-lobed, undulate. 

 R.H. 1890, p. 163. Var. crenata, Hibberd (H. 

 vitifolia and H. digilata ndva, Hort.). Similar to var. 

 digitata, but lobes shorter and broader, crenate at the 



1789. Hedera helix. Form with white-ribbed leaves. (XH) 



margin, light green. Var. deltoidea, Hibberd (var. 

 hastata, Hort.). Lvs. rather small, bluntly deltoid, 

 almost entire, blackish green, changing to dull purplish 

 bronze in fall. Gn. 25, p. 141 ; 34, p. 493 (as A. hastata). 

 Var. digitata, Loud. Lvs. rather large and broad, 

 digitately lobed with 5 triangular-oblong lobes, some- 

 times with 2 small additional basal lobes, truncate at 

 the base, dark green. Gn. 25, p. 141; 34, p. 493. Var. 

 gracilis, Hibberd. Lvs. rather small, with broad, 

 short lobes, dull green, bronzy in fall. Gn. 59, p. 154. 

 Var. lobata major, Hibberd. Similar to var. hibernica, 

 but lvs. somewhat smaller, more deeply lobed and 

 lobes narrower. Var. Iticida, Hibberd. A form of var. 

 chrysocarpa, with large deltoid lvs. not lobed or partly 

 or sUghtly 3-5-lobed, glossj' above: a vigorous grower. 

 Gn. 25, p. 141; 34, p. 492. Var. lusitanica, Hesse. 

 Similar to var. palmata. Lvs. large, to 5 in. across, hght 

 green, palmately 5-lobed with triangular lobes. Var. 

 maculata, Hort. {H. lalifblia mantlMa, Hort.). Similar 

 to var. hibernica: lvs. spotted and striped yellowish 

 white. Var. marginata, Hort. Lvs. broadly triangular- 

 ovate, irregularly bordered yellowish white, striped 

 red or pink in fall: of somewhat slow growth. F.E. 

 31:318. Var. marmorata, Hort. Similar to var. 

 hibernica, but lvs. irregularly blotched yellowish white. 

 Var. minima, Hibberd (var. doner ailensis, Hort.). Lvs. 

 small, 3-lobed or pedatcly 5-lobed, with short and 

 spreading basal lobes, dull purplish brown in winter. 

 Gn. 59, p. 154. M.D.G. 1897:229 and S.H. 2:237 (as 

 var. digitata). Var. palmata, Hort. Similar to var. 

 digilata, but lvs. 3-5-lobod with broader distinctly 



triangular lobes, the lateral ones more spreading, dull 

 green. Var. pedata, Hibberd. Lvs. pedately 5-lobed, 

 the middle lobe long and narrow, the lateral lobes 

 much shorter, dark green with whitish veins. Gn. 25, 

 p. 141; 34, p. 493; 59, p. 154. Var. sagittifolia, Koch. 

 Lvs. rather small, with triangular middle lobe and short, 

 broad and obtusish lateral lobes, deeply cordate at the 

 base, duU dark green. Var. tesselata, Nichols. Lvs. 

 3-lobed with short and broad lobes, with a distinct 

 reticulate variegation. J.H. III. 28:209; 45:99. Var. 

 tortuosa, Hibberd. Lvs. ovate or rhombic, entire or 

 obscurely 3-lobed, more or less curled and twisted, the 

 curling increasing during cold weather. Gn. 55, p. 336. 

 Var. tricolor, Hibberd (var. margimda riibra, Hort., 

 var. eleganttssima, Hort., var. Cullisii, Hort.). Like 

 var. marginata, but edges of lvs. becoming red in fall. 



canariensis, Willd. (H. helix var. canariensis, DC. 

 H. algeriensi.'i, Hort. //. maderensis, Hort. H. azbrica, 

 Hort.). High-climbing: pubescence more scaly, hairs 

 with 12-20 rays: lvs. large, bright green, roundish 

 ovate, usually cordate at the base, entire or with 3-7 

 rather short lobes of almost equal size: umbels larger, 

 often sohtary or few; calyx-lobes broader: frs. black, 

 sometimes ^iin. thick. Canary Isls., Madeira, N. Afr. 

 Gn. 25, p. 141; 34, pp. 492, 496. G.M. 54:319. Var. 

 arborescens, Koch. Not climbing, forming an upright 

 low shrub. G.M. 54:957. Var. variegata, Hort. (H. 

 maderensis variegata, Hort.). Lvs. entire or slightly 3- 

 lobed, edged yellowish white. G.C. II. 15:657. G.M. 

 54:320. 



AA. Pubescence scaly, golden yellow. 



colchica, Koch {H. Raegneridna, Hort. H. coridcea, 

 Hibberd). High-climbing: lvs. large, broadly ovate, 

 cordate, almost entire, rarelj' slightly 3-lobed, bright 

 green, of firm texture, those of flowering branches 

 generally oblong-ovate: calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, 

 conspicuous; calyx, pedicels and tips of young branches 

 coated with golden yellow scales v\ith about 20 or 25 

 rays: fr. black. Asia Minor, Caucasus, Persia. Gn. 25, 

 p. 141; 34, p. 492. Gt. 11:360. Var. dentata, Hib- 

 berd (H. dentata, Hort.). Lvs. with remote small teeth, 

 of somewhat thinner texture. G.M. 30:388; 54:318. 

 Gn. 36, p. 7. Var. purpurea, Hibberd. Lvs. purphsh. 

 Var. arborescens, Koch. Not chmbing, of upright 

 shrubby habit. Gn. W. 20:467. 



//. glameruldta, DC, belongs to the genua Brassaiopsia and its 

 correct name ia B. glomerulata, Regel (B. apecioaa. Decne. & 

 Planch.). A glabrous tree, with large digitate Iva. ; Ifta. 5-7, ob- 

 long-lanceolate, stalked: fla. in long penduloua paniclea consisting 

 of long-stalked globular heads of small fla. S. Asia. B.M. 4804. 

 Gt. 12:411. G.M. 32:367.—//. himalaica, Tobler (H. helix auran- 

 tiaca, Audr6). High-climbing: pubescence scaly, gray or yellowish, 

 the scales with many rays: lvs. of the sterile branches piunately 

 lobed with 2-5 lobes or teeth on each side, those of the flowering 

 branches oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, cuneate at the base: 

 fr. yellow. Himalayas. R.H. 1SS4:S4. Var. stViensis, Tobler. Lva. 

 of sterile shoots entire or 3-Iobed. of fertile branches elliptic or 

 elUptic-oblong. W. China. — //. japdnica, Tobler (H. helix var. 

 rhombea, Sieb. & Zucc. ). Not high-c limbing: scales of pubescence 

 with many rays: lvs. elliptic-ovate to rhombic-ovate, those of the 

 sterile shoots 3- or rarely 5-lobed, with broad middle lobe and 

 small lateral lobes: fr. black, about Hii- or less across. Japan, 



^°^''^- Alfred Rehder. 



HEDGES. Living green fences are used for two dis- 

 tinct purposes — defense and ornament. Ornamental 

 hedges may be rendered defensive by stretching tightly 

 two or three strands of barbed wire through the center 

 of the hedge. So far. no plant has yet been tested that 

 meets all the requirements of the farmer for a truly 

 impassable barrier, although the Osage orange {Madura 

 pomifera) possesses more recommendable features 

 than any other hardy tree. This tree, however, is not 

 hardy in the northernmost states. For regions south 

 of Washington, D. C, Kentucky, and Missouri,. 

 Poncirus (or Citrus) trifoliata is of equal value. Both 

 have the serious drawback of being subject to the 

 attacks of the San Jose scale, but no satisfactory sub- 

 stitute has yet been found. 



Next to these, perhaps, ranks the honey locust 



