HELENIUM 



HELI AMPHORA 



1443 



the frs. of Helianthus are generally more or less 4- 

 sided and are smooth. In Helenium the receptacle is 

 naked; in Helianthus it bears paleaceous bracts. 



Heleniums thrive best in a rich, moist soil, with a 

 sunny aspect, and are propagated by seeds, cuttings or 

 division. All the species are very easily grown, the only 

 serious difficulty being a white aphis which sometimes 

 attacks the roots. If plants look unhealthy they should 

 be hfted, washed with an insectiside and reset in a new 

 place. The commonest species in cult, is //. autunmale, 

 but perhaps the most valuable species for general plant- 

 ing is //. Hoopesii, which is one of our earhest blooming 

 composites, and is also desirable for the border or for 

 cut-flowers. H. Hoopesii, H. Bolanderi and H. autum- 

 nale will give bloom in succession from May to October. 

 The first two are also attractive when grown in pots, 

 but they do not flower from seed the first year, either in 

 pots or in the open. 



A. Heads rayless. 

 aromaticum, Bailey, n. comb. (Gra'emia aromdtica, 

 Hook. Grahamia aromdtica, Spreng. Cephalophora aro- 

 mdtica, Schrad.). Erect, glaucous: st. herbaceous, much 

 branched: Ivs. alternate, hnear-lanoeolate, somewhat 

 undulate and partially amplexicaul, the lower ones 

 pinnatifid but the upper ones scarcely toothed: head 

 discoid, terminating leafless branches; receptacle 

 naked; florets yellow. Chile, in pastures and shrubby 

 hills. — Offered abroad; fragrant. Listed in the trade as 

 Grahamia aromatica, but all agree in referring Gra- 

 hamia to Cephalophora; and Hoffmann now refers Ceph- 

 alophora to Helenium. Whether the present species 

 should reaUy go under Helenium, is to be determined. 



Helenium autumnale. 



( X )2) 



Heads uith rays, 

 and branches winged. 

 c. Disk yellow. 

 autumnale, Linn. (H. grandi- 

 flbrum, Nutt.). Snebzbweed. Fig. 1702. .-it. 2-6 ft. 

 high, roughish, leafy: Ivs. mostly toothed, smooth: 

 heads 1-1 }^ in. across, numerous, borne at the end of 

 short, very leafy stalks; rays drooping, 3-cleft, lemon- 

 yellow to bright yellow ; disk yellow. July-Oct. Moist 

 places, Canada to Fla. and west to S. D., Kans. and 

 Ala. B.M. 2994. Gn. 29:190; 55:218. A.G. 12:682. 



G.C. III. 10:433; III. 32:405.— Very showy. It has 

 distinct merit for the back of borders, but is more 

 appreciated in Eu. than in Amer. There, arc several 

 garden forms: var. pflmilum is 1-2 ft. high, a very 

 free bloomer, and is largely grown for cut-fls. in some 

 places. J.H. III. 59 : 109. Var. grandiflorum and var. 

 superbum, {H. superhum, Hort.), are unusually vigor- 

 ous and large-fld.; var. striatum, has a maroon and 

 gold disk, with yellow rays variously striped and 

 splashed with rich crimson. J.H. III. 31:293. This 

 should be distinguished from the striped forms of H. 

 midiflorum. Var. grandicephalum atropurpiireum has 

 almost entirely crimson fl.-heads. Var. riibrum has 

 deep red fls. A form known in the trade as H. grandi- 

 cephalum compactumbicolor is also advertised. It seems 

 to belong here. 



cc. Disk brown or purplish. 



D. Lvs. all entire, heads solitary or few, long-stalked. 



Bigelovii, Gray. St. 2-3 ft. high, nearly smooth: 

 up])er lvs. narrow to oblong-lanceolate, lower spatulate: 

 heads commonly 1J^23'^ in. broad; rays ^4'in. long; 

 fl.-stalk slender. Aug. Wet ground, Cahf. S.H. 

 1:373. 



Bolanderi, Gray. St. 1-2 ft. high, stout, somewhat 

 pubescent: lvs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, the lower 

 obovate: heads commonly 3 in. wide; rays often 1 in. 

 long; fl.-stalks thick, hollow. June-Sept. Low ground, 

 N. E. Calif. Gn. 24, p. l.';7; 29, p. 191. R.H. 1891, p. 

 377. — Sometimes grown as H. grandiflorum. 



DD. Lower lvs. toothed: heads numerous, corymbose, 

 short-stalked. 



nudifldrum, Nutt. St. 1-3 ft. high, roughish, leafy: 

 lower lvs. spatulate, toothed: heads 1-1 J 2 in. across; 

 rays wedge-shaped, drooping, yellow, brown-purple or 

 striped with both colors. July-Oct. Moist soils, N. C. 

 to Fla., west to 111. and Texas. — A garden form, var. 

 grandicephalum striatum, has fls. over 2 in. across. 

 This form is also sold under the trade name H. cupreum, 

 a name of no botanical significance. 



BB. St. and branches not winged. 

 HoSpesii, Gray {Dugdldia Hoopesii, Rydb.). St. 

 1-3 ft. high, stout, slightly tomentose when young, 

 but soon smooth, branching above into an umbel of 

 several to many fls.: lvs. thickish, entire: heads usually 

 borne singly on long stalks, commonly 3 in. wide; rays 

 but slightly drooping; disk yellow. May-Sept. Rocky 

 Mts. — A very fine border plant, and especially valu- 

 able for cut-fls. 



H. Doiiglasii, Hort.^MonoIopia major. — //. fenuifdtium, Nutt. 

 Annual. A weed in tlie S. Atlantic and southwestern states. St. 

 8 in. to 2 ft. high, very leafy: lvs. thread-like, entire, sessile, often 

 whorled. Va., Fla., west to Mo. and Te.\as. B.M. 7721. 



S. W. PtETCHER. 

 N. T-4(\-LOR.t 

 HELE6CHARIS: Ekocharis. 



HELIAMPHORA (Greek compound, meaning sun 

 pitcher). Sarraccriidcecf. One of the three genera com- 

 prising this singular family, consisting of a single 

 species from the upper lands of British Guiana, and 

 rarely grown in choice glasshouse collections. 



Heliamphdra nittans, Benth., is a perennial, 1-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. all radical and pitcher-form; pitcher tubular 

 and enlarging above, with a flaring open erect oblique 

 mouth and a very small rudimentary lid terminating 

 the midrib, hairy inside and winged down the front, in 

 its native habitat conspicuously veined with red: fls. 

 several on a slender scape, nodding, white or pale rose, 

 each pedicel subtended by a prominent bract ; perianth 

 in 4-6 parts which are ovate-pointed; style straight, 

 scarcely enlarging at the stigma. B.M. 7093. G.C. III. 

 .37:194". — This unusual plant was first discovered in 

 1839 by the brothers Schomburgk, and was redis- 

 covered in 1881 by Burke, an Enghsh orchid-collector 



